Table 1.
Differences in Outcome Measures Among Groups in the Study Population (n=753)
| At Low Risk of Falling (EFST = 0–1) (n=378) |
At Moderate Risk of Falling (EFST = 2–3) (n=247) |
At High Risk of Falling (EFST = 4–5) (n=128) |
P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4MGS (m/s) | 0.89 ± 0.34 | 0.57 ± 0.38 | 0.37 ± 0.20 | <0.001** |
| 4MGS ≤ 0.8 m/s | 152 (40.21) | 172 (69.64) | 120 (93.75) | <0.001* |
| UST (s) | 15.70 ± 15.04 | 8.39 ± 10.37 | 3.17 ± 2.87 | <0.001** |
| Pathological UST | 290 (76.72) | 224 (90.69) | 127 (99.22) | <0.001* |
| Falls in the previous year | ||||
| 0 | 322 (85.19) | 58 (23.48) | 0 (0.00) | <0.001* |
| 1 | 52 (13.76) | 107 (43.32) | 61 (47.66) | <0.001* |
| ≥2 | 4 (1.06) | 82 (33.20) | 67 (52.34) | <0.001* |
| Vertebral fragility fractures | 42 (11.11) | 65 (26.32) | 67 (52.34) | <0.001* |
| Hip fragility fractures | 6 (1.59) | 25 (10.12) | 36 (28.13) | <0.001* |
| NVNH fractures | 19 (5.03) | 14 (5.67) | 14 (10.94) | <0.001* |
Notes: Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for continuous data and counts (percentages) for categorical data. P-values are considered significant when P is less than 0.05. *Pearson’s Chi-squared test; **Kruskal–Wallis test.
Abbreviations: EFST, Elderly Fall Screening Test; 4MGS, 4-meter gait speed; UST, unipedal stance test; NVNH, non-vertebral and non-hip.