Table 3.
Energy and Physical Activity-Adjusted Mean Change in Metabolic Factors and Serum Liver Enzymes from Baseline and After 15 Weeks of Study
| Characteristics | Group | Before | After | P* | Mean Change** | P** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | Garlic | 82.4 ± 14.2 | 80.4 ± 14 | 0.001 | −1.98 ± 2.09 | 0.010 |
| Placebo | 80.2 ± 15.2 | 79.3 ± 14.2 | 0.002 | −0.83 ± 2.08 | ||
| TC(mg/dL) | Garlic | 184.2 ± 32.5 | 171.4 ± 31.9 | 0.005 | −12.95± 26.6 | 0.005 |
| Placebo | 181.5 ± 41.7 | 184.7 ± 42.2 | 0.371 | 3.32 ± 24.2 | ||
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | Garlic | 111.5 ± 28.1 | 99.1 ± 27.5 | 0.002 | −11.9 ± 25.2 | 0.005 |
| Placebo | 106.7 ± 32.3 | 110.5 ± 36.8 | 0.310 | 3.36 ± 26.3 | ||
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | Garlic | 40.5 ± 8.8 | 42.7 ± 10.22 | 0.06 | 1.6 ±7.3 | 0.556 |
| Placebo | 42.2 ± 10.3 | 42.3 ± 10.2 | 0.913 | 0.7 ± 9.1 | ||
| TG (mg/dL) | Garlic | 169.2 ± 67.5 | 148.8±74.7 | 0.002 | −19.3±36.1 | 0.022 |
| Placebo | 158.7 ± 62.2 | 157.9±60.4 | 0.83 | −1.8±40.4 | ||
| FBS (mg/dL) | Garlic | 124.2 ± 37 | 115.8 ± 39.3 | 0.001 | −8.01 ± 15.6 | 0.001 |
| Placebo | 111.1 ± 24.2 | 116.7 ± 29.6 | 0.001 | 5.5 ± 17.7 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | Garlic | 6.27 ± 1.5 | 6.04 ± 1.6 | 0.028 | −0.24±0.62 | 0.001 |
| Placebo | 5.94 ± 1.1 | 6.2± 1.2 | 0.007 | 0.28±0.51 | ||
| ALT (U/liter) | Garlic | 57.8 ± 13.9 | 47.2 ± 16.1 | 0.001 | −10.5 ± 13.5 | 0.001 |
| Placebo | 55.3 ± 15.2 | 55.5 ± 19.4 | 0.918 | 0.25 ± 15.2 | ||
| AST (U/liter) | Garlic | 48.3 ± 11.6 | 42.2 ± 11.2 | 0.001 | −5.59 ± 10.7 | 0.001 |
| Placebo | 45.6 ± 11.2 | 47.39 ± 12.5 | 0.156 | 1.4 ± 8.6 |
Notes: Plus-minus values are mean ± standard deviation. *P values were calculated by Paired-sample T-Test. **The mean change was adjusted for energy intake and physical activity with the use of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. Metabolic factors consisted of weight, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, TG, FBS, and HbA1c. Liver enzymes consisted of ALT and AST.
Abbreviations: TC, total cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.