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Homogeneous causality between wealth and transportation.
| Eqns. | HINC | HC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Causality from wealth to freight | (1) | 12.254*** | 16.423*** |
| Causality from freight to wealth | (2) | 9.442*** | 3.277** |
| Causality from wealth to passenger | (1) | 2.441** | 2.536** |
| Causality from passenger to wealth | (2) | 5.353*** | 2.023** |
Note: HINC, Homogenous and Instantaneous Non-Causality hypothesis; HC, Homogenous Causality hypothesis; *** and ** Reject H0 at 1% and 5% levels of significance, respectively.
