Table 3.
Primary Studies for the Economic Outcomes in Adults with SCD
| Author (Year) | Study Design | Region | Population | N | Age (Years), Mean ± SD Male (%) | Hydroxyurea Use | Economic Outcome(s) Assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allareddy (2014)30 | Retrospective database analysis | US | Adults with SCD hospitalized with ACS (ages >21 years) | 24,699 hospitalizations | 33.2 (0.19) 49 |
NR | LOS |
| Blinder (2013)31* | Retrospective database analysis | FL, NJ, MO, KS, IA | Adults with SCD (ages ≥18 years) | NR | NR | Mixed, proportion NR | ED visits; hospitalizations; outpatients visits; healthcare costs |
| Brousseau (2010)32* | Retrospective database analysis | AZ, CA, FL, MA, MO, NY, SC, TN | Adults with SCD (ages ≥18 years) | 13,256 | NR | NR | Rate of SCD-related acute care utilization (treat-and-release ED visits and hospitalization) and rehospitalizations |
| Curtis (2015)33 | Retrospective medical record study at a hospital | NY | Adults with SCD(ages 18–87) | 432 | NR 46 |
38% | ED visits |
| Inoue (2016)34* | Retrospective medical record study at a hospital | MI | Adults with SCD (ages ≥18 years) | 2007–2008: 43.5† 2011–2012: 36.5† 2013: 38† |
NR | NR | ED visits; ED admission |
| Koch (2015)35 |
Retrospective medical record study at a hospital | WI | Adults with SCD(ages NR) | 115 | 28 (16)‡34 | Mixed, proportion NR | Rate of ED/hospital admission; 30-day re-admission |
| Laurence (2013)36 | Cross-sectional study | US | Adults with SCD (ages ≥18 years) | Dental infection:1572 visits No dental infection:549,045 visits |
32.1 (0.6) and 31.9 (0.2)36.1 and 43.8 | NR | Admission during ED visit |
| Leschke (2012)37* | Retrospective database analysis | WI | Adults with SCD (ages >19 years) | 222 | NR | NR | Rehospitalizations (14 and 30 days) |
| Molokie (2018)38 | Retrospective medical record study at a hospital | IL | Adults with SCD (ages ≥18 years) | 148 | 35.1 (11.9)35 | NR | Admission from ED and SCD acute care unit; LOS |
| Ogunbayo (2017)39 | Retrospective database analysis | US | Adults with AMI ± SCA (ages ≥18 years) | SCD: 495 Controls: 495 |
47.21 (22)47.1 | NR | LOS |
| Okam (2014)40 | Retrospective database analysis | US | Black adults with SCD (ages ≥18 years) | 1998: 54,4902008: 55,042 | NR | NR | SCD-related hospitalization rate; LOS |
| Paulukonis(2017)41* | Retrospective registry study | CA | Individuals with SCD (ages ≥20 years) |
3407 | NR | NR | Proportion of individuals with at least 1 treat-and-release ED visit; mean annual ED visit |
| Ter-Minassian (2018)42 | Retrospective medical record study at 2 SCD programs | MD | Adults with SCD (ages ≥21 years) | 454 | 35 (21–75)‡41 | 26% | ED visits; Inpatient visit; Ambulatory visit; urgent care visit; hematology visit |
| Wolfson (2012)43* | Retrospective database analysis | CA | Adults with SCD (ages ≥21 years) | 2087 | NR | NR | ED visits |
| Zhou (2018)44* | Retrospective database analysis | US | Individuals with SCD related inpatient and acute encounters (ages ≥18 years) | 14,890 | NR | 21% | 30-day all-cause readmission; 30-day all-cause acute care encounters |
Notes: *Study included both pediatric and adult populations and reported results separately for each cohort. Only adult data are presented in the table. † Reported as patients per year. ‡ Reported as median age (IQR)
Abbreviations: ACS, acute chest syndrome; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; AZ, Arizona; LOS, lengths of stay; CA, California; ED, emergency department; FL, Florida; IA, Iowa; IL, Illinois; KS, Kansas; MA, Massachusetts; MD, Maryland; MI, Michigan; MO, Missouri; NA, not applicable; NJ, New Jersey; NR, not reported; NY, New York; SC, South Carolina; SCA, sickle cell anemia; SCD, sickle cell disease; SD, standard deviation; TN, Tennessee; US, United States; WI, Wisconsin.