Table 3.
Risk factors of IBD relapse if inactive IBD at cancer diagnosis.
| Variable | Bivariate Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Multivariable Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| IBD Subtype | ||
| Crohn’s disease | Reference | |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.18 (0.80–1.73) | |
| Indeterminate colitis | 0.25 (0.34–1.80) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | Reference | |
| Male | 0.67 (0.41–1.11) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | Reference | |
| Black | 2.07 (0.96–4.47) | |
| Hispanic | 2.69 (1.09–6.65) | 2.15 (0.86–5.38) |
| Asian | 1.85 (0.59–5.87) | |
| Unknown | 0.73 (0.26–2.58) | |
| Age at IBD diagnosis | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | |
| Smoking history at cancer diagnosis | ||
| Never | Reference | |
| Former | 1.05 (0.72–1.54) | |
| Current | 0.79 (0.25–2.54) | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.05 (0.26–4.26) | |
| IBD treatment before cancer | ||
| 5-ASA | 1.39 (0.92–2.10) | |
| Steroids | 1.79 (1.18–2.71) | 1.32 (0.82–2.11) |
| Immunomodulators | 2.22 (1.38–3.55) | 2.46 (1.41–4.28) |
| Biologics | 1.95 (1.01–5.36) | 1.13 (0.71–7.31) |
| Previous surgery for IBD | 1.24 (0.81–1.88) | |
| Type of Cancer | ||
| Breast | Reference | |
| Prostate | 0.67 (0.41–1.11) | |
| Age at cancer diagnosis | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | |
| Stage | ||
| I | 0.85 (0.21–3.49) | |
| II | 0.93 (0.22–3.96) | |
| III | 0.77 (0.16–3.82) | |
| IV | Reference | |
| Unknown | 0.27 (0.06–1.14) | |
| Immunomodulators or biologics discontinued for cancer | 0.89 (0.39–2.01) | |
| Cancer treatment | ||
| Surgery | 0.89 (0.45–1.76) | |
| Radiotherapy | 1.37 (0.88–2.16) | |
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy only | 0.91 (0.34–2.42) | |
| Hormone therapy only | 2.00 (1.21–3.29) | 2.40 (1.42–4.06) |
| Duration of hormone therapy | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | |
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy and hormone therapy | 1.86 (1.01–3.43) | 2.35 (1.25–4.42) |
| Neither cytotoxic nor hormone therapy | Reference |