Table 2.

In vivo gene delivery for bone regeneration.

Method	Vector	Carrier	Gene	Species	Model	Reference
Viral vectors	Adenovirus		BMP2	Rat	Femoral bone defect	[23,42]
	Adenovirus		BMP2	Rabbit	Femoral bone defect	[24]
	Adenovirus		BMP2	Sheep	Iliac crest and tibial defects	[25]
	Adenovirus	Silk scaffold	BMP7	Mouse	Calvaria bone defect	[29]
	AAV	Bone allograft	BMP2	Mouse	Calvaria bone defect	[27]
	AAV	Bone allograft	BMP2	Mouse	Femoral bone defect	[28]
Nonviral vectors	GAM	Collagen-hydroxyapatite	VEGF	Human	Mandible nonunion	[33]
	GAM	Collagen	BMP2 (mRNA)	Mouse	Calvaria bone defect	[38]
	GAM	Fibrin gel	BMP2 (mRNA)	Rat	Femoral bone defect	[39]
	Electroporation		BMP9	Mouse	Radius bone defect	[41]
	Electroporation		BMP2/7	Rat	Alveolar bone regeneration	[43]
	Electroporation		BMP2/VEGF	Rabbit	Mandibular distraction osteogenesis	[44]
	Sonoporation		BMP9	Mouse	Ectopic bone	[47]
	Sonoporation		BMP2/7	Rat	Femoral bone defect	[48]
	Sonoporation		BMP6	Pig	Tibial bone defect	[19]
	Liposome		BMP2	Pig	Peri-implant bone defects	[53]