. 2020 Jun;9(3):1135–1145. doi: 10.21037/tau-19-808

Table 1. Characteristics of study participants by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) grade.

Variable	Subcategory	IPSS grade						Total (N=86,637)		Pearson χ²	P value
		Mild (N=77,332)		Moderate (N=7,528)		Severe (N=1,777)		Total (N=86,637)
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Age	19–29	10,481	98.7	132	1.2	9	0.1	10,622	100.0	1.50E+04	<0.01
	30–39	15,112	98.2	258	1.7	19	0.1	15,389	100.0
	40–49	18,119	96.7	542	2.9	71	0.4	18,732	100.0
	50–59	16,153	92.0	1,219	7.0	178	1.0	17,550	100.0
	60–69	10,686	80.6	2,151	16.2	415	3.1	13,252	100.0
	70–79	5,766	63.8	2,507	27.8	760	8.4	9,033	100.0
	80–89	961	49.8	680	35.2	290	15.0	1,931	100.0
	90 or higher	54	42.2	39	30.5	35	27.3	128	100.0
Marital status	Married	55,906	88.0	6,225	9.8	1,422	2.2	63,553	100.0	1.70E+03	<0.01
	Separated/divorced/widowed	5,575	81.6	953	14.0	302	4.4	6,830	100.0
	Unmarried	15,851	97.5	350	2.2	53	0.3	16,254	100.0
Education level	Elementary graduate or lower	2,527	62.9	1,067	26.6	423	10.5	4,017	100.0	7.90E+03	<0.01
	Middle school graduate	8,870	74.9	2,309	19.5	667	5.6	11,846	100.0
	High school graduate	9,044	84.7	1,365	12.8	265	2.5	10,674	100.0
	College graduate or higher	56,891	94.7	2,787	4.6	422	0.7	60,100	100.0
Household income	1^st quartile (lowest)	14,770	75.3	3,688	18.8	1,164	5.9	19,622	100.0	5.70E+03	<0.01
	2^nd quartile	24,981	90.9	2,105	7.7	395	1.4	27,481	100.0
	3^rd quartile	20,421	95.0	968	4.5	116	0.5	21,505	100.0
	4^th quartile (highest)	17,160	95.2	767	4.3	102	0.6	18,029	100.0
Residence	Capital	7,417	90.6	661	8.1	105	1.3	8,183	100.0	148.8	<0.01
	Urban	16,153	91.3	1,248	7.1	287	1.6	17,688	100.0
	Rural	53,762	88.5	5,619	9.3	1,385	2.3	60,766	100.0
Hypertension	No	63,257	91.8	4,662	6.8	1,029	1.5	68,948	100.0	2.20E+03	<0.01
Hypertension	Yes	14,075	79.6	2,866	16.2	748	4.2	17,689	100.0	2.20E+03	<0.01
Diabetes mellitus	No	71,667	90.3	6,243	7.9	1,436	1.8	79,346	100.0	1.10E+03	<0.01
Diabetes mellitus	Yes	5,665	77.7	1,285	17.6	341	4.7	7,291	100.0	1.10E+03	<0.01
Dyslipidemia	No	70,714	89.7	6,565	8.3	1,566	2.0	78,845	100.0	168.7	<0.01
Dyslipidemia	Yes	6,618	84.9	963	12.4	211	2.7	7,792	100.0	168.7	<0.01
Breakfast eating (weekly)	5–7 days	59,038	87.5	6,821	10.1	1,620	2.4	67,479	100.0	1.00E+03	<0.01
	1–4 days	9,173	95.1	394	4.1	80	0.8	9,647	100.0
	Never	9,121	95.9	313	3.3	77	0.8	9,511	100.0
Intake of fruit (monthly)	Once or more per day	26,448	91.6	2,088	7.2	344	1.2	28,880	100.0	492.7663	<0.01
	Less than once per day	47,697	88.5	4,938	9.2	1,239	2.3	53,874	100.0
	Never	3,187	82.1	502	12.9	194	5.0	3,883	100.0
Intake of vegetables (monthly)	Once or more per day	27,465	90.3	2,479	8.2	462	1.5	30,406	100.0	3.64E+02	<0.01
	Less than once per day	47,461	89.1	4,639	8.7	1,145	2.2	53,245	100.0
	Never	2,406	80.6	410	13.7	170	5.7	2,986	100.0
Salty taste preference	Neutral	36,947	91.0	2,967	7.3	670	1.7	40,584	100.0	277.7195	<0.01
	Blandly	16,243	88.6	1,680	9.2	419	2.3	18,342	100.0
	Salty	24,142	87.1	2,881	10.4	688	2.5	27,711	100.0
IPSS voiding	No	76,250	97.9	1,653	2.1	0	0.0	77,903	100.0	6.10E+04	<0.01
IPSS voiding	Yes	1,082	12.4	5,875	67.3	1,777	20.4	8,734	100.0	6.10E+04	<0.01
IPSS storage	No	74,506	97.4	1,974	2.6	41	0.1	76,521	100.0	4.60E+04	<0.01
IPSS storage	Yes	2,826	27.9	5,554	54.9	1,736	17.2	10,116	100.0	4.60E+04	<0.01
IPSS nocturia	No	50,833	98.4	773	1.5	68	0.1	51,674	100.0	1.10E+04	<0.01
IPSS nocturia	Yes	26,499	75.8	6,755	19.3	1,709	4.9	34,963	100.0	1.10E+04	<0.01