Table 3. Absolute cancer detection rates of clinically significant cancer in mp-MRI targeted and systematic prostate biopsies.
| Author | Year | n | Study design | Pre-biopsy MRI | Prostate biopsy approach | Form of targeted biopsy | csPCa in targeted biopsy, % [n] | csPCa in systematic biopsy, % [n] | csPCa in combined, % [n] | Value add of combined biopsy, % [n] | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elkhoury et al. (PAIREDCAP) (9) | 2019 | 300 [248*] | Paired-control trial | mp-MRI 3 T |
TRPB | C or F | 62% [154] | 60% [151] | 70% [178] |
+11% [27] | All biopsy naïve |
| Miah et al. (10) | 2019 | 640 [358*] | Prospective cohort study—targeted biopsy followed by limited systematic | mp-MRI 3 T | TPB | F | 48.4% [310/640] | 17.9% [64/358] | 49.7% [319/640] | + 1.3% [9/640] |
Prior prostate biopsy not excluded. Likert score used. Targeted only in some men |
| van der Leest et al. (4M) (8) | 2019 | 626 | Prospective cohort study—targeted biopsy followed standard 12-core TRPB | mp-MRI 3T | TRPB | C | 25% [159] | 23% [146] | 48% [301] | +7% [21/317] | All biopsy naïve |
| Mannaerts et al. (11) | 2019 | 225 | Prospective cohort study—standard 12-core TRPB followed by targeted biopsy | mp-MRI | TRPB | F | 44% [113] | 43% [110] | 52.4% [118] | + 8% [9] | Likert score used. |
| Rouvière et al. (MRI-FIRST) (5) | 2019 | 335 [251] | Randomised controlled trial (paired diagnostic)—standard 12-core TRPB followed by targeted biopsy | mp-MRI 1.5T or 3T | TRPB | C | 32.3% [81] | 29.9% [75] | 37.5% [94] | + 5.2% [4.8] | Systematic biopsy in all men regardless of mp-MRI results |
| Filson et al. (14) | 2016 | 1042 [825T] | Prospective cohort study—standard 12-core TRPB followed by targeted biopsy | mp-MRI | TRPB | F | 24% [199] | 27.8% [229] | 35% [289] | + 7.27% [60] | Prior prostate biopsy not excluded |
Marginal gains (added value) of combined biopsy. *, number of additional non-targeted systematic biopsy performed. T, number of patients with region of interest on mpMRI who underwent both biopsy. CDR, Cancer detection rate; csPCa, clinically insignificant prostate cancer (defined as Gleason ≥3+4 or Gleason Grade Group 2); TRPB, transrectal prostate biopsy; TPB, transperineal prostate biopsy; C, cognitive; F, fusion.