Table 3. Literature review of studies about LI-ESWT in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
| Author | Study design | Generator | Patient number | Follow-up (weeks after ESWT) | Energy density (mJ/mm2) | No. of pulses each treatment | No. of treatments each week | Treatment courses (weeks) | NIH-CPSI [week] | CPSI↓ ≥6 [week] |
VAS [week] | IPSS [week] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zimmermann et al., 2008 (19) | CS | Minilith SLI | 14 | 1, 4, 12 | 0.11 | 2,000 | 3 | 2 | −2.7 [12] | – | −31 [12] | NA |
| Zimmermann et al., 2008 (19) | CS | Duolith SDI | 20 | 1, 4, 12 | 0.25 | 3,000 | 1 | 4 | −8.6 [1] | – | −2.4 [1] | −4.1 [1] |
| Zimmermann et al., 2009 (16) | RCT | Duolith SDI | 30 | 1, 4, 12 | 0.25 | 3,000 | 1 | 4 | −16.7 [1] | – | −33.3 [1] | −15.6 [1] |
| −16.7 [1] | – | −50 [4] | −18.8 [4] | |||||||||
| −16.7 [1] | – | −50 [12] | −25 [12] | |||||||||
| Zeng et al., 2012 (20) | RCT | HB-ESWT-01 | 8 | 4, 12 | 0.06-maximum tolerated dose | 2,000 | 5 | 2 | – | 21.1% [4] | NA | NA |
| – | 23.7% [12] | |||||||||||
| Vahdatpour et al., 2013 (21) | RCT | Duolith SDI | 40 | 1, 2, 3, 12 after first LI-ESWT session | 0.25–0.4 (0.05 mJ/mm2 was added in each week) | 3,000 | 1 | 4 | −5.1 [1] | – | −2.0 [1] | −1.0 [1] |
| −10.2 [3] | – | −5.1 [3] | −1.73 [3] | |||||||||
| −7.1 [12] | – | −4.3 [12] | −0.9 [12] | |||||||||
| Moayednia et al., 2014 (25) | RCT | Duolith SDI | 19 | 16, 20, 24 | 0.25 | 3,000 | 1 | 4 | −4.47 [16] | – | −2.66 [16] | −0.71 [16] |
| −1.06 [20] | – | −1.24 [20] | −0.39 [20] | |||||||||
| +0.38 [24] | – | +0.53 [24] | +0.12 [24] | |||||||||
| Pajovic et al., 2016 (26) | RCT | KM-2000S | 30 | 12, 24 | 0.25 | 3,000 | 1 | 4 | −19.4 [12] | – | −9.3 [12] | −2.9 [12] |
| −17.4 [24] | – | −9.2 [24] | −3.2 [24] | |||||||||
| Al Edwan et al., 2017 (27) | CS | E-S.W.T Roland |
41 | 2, 24, 48 | 0.25 | 2,500 | 1 | 4 | −9.2 [2] | – | −4.1 [2] | −5.9 [2] |
| −8.8 [24] | – | −3.5 [24] | −6.6 [24] | |||||||||
| −8.2 [48] | – | −3.2 [48] | −6.6 [48] | |||||||||
| Guu et al., 2018 (22) | CS | Duolith SDI | 33 | 1, 4, 12 | 0.25 | 3,000 | 1 | 4 | −9.06 [4] | 75.8% [4] | −2.38 [4] | −5.18 [4] |
| −12.97 [12] | 81.8% [12] | −3.29 [12] | −5.97 [12] |
IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; LI-ESWT, low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy; NA, not available; NIH-CPSI, National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index; RCT, randomized controlled trial; CS, cohort study; VAS, Visual Analog Scale.