Table 1.
Chemiresistive transducers based on differently fabricated 2D carbon materials for quantification and determination of ammonia at room temperature
| Material | Modification | LOD | Range/ppm | Response/recovery | r.h./% | Selectivity | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cvdG | – | – | (0.1–1) 10−4 | 4 min/few min (−) | – | – | Vertically aligned cvdG | [58] |
| cvdG | Co meso-arylporphyrins | – | 20–160 | 60 s/− (−) | 41 | VOCs | FET | [111] |
| cvdG | Ag NPs | – | (0.05–1.2) 104 | 120 s/70 s (−) | 30 | VOCs | – | [117] |
| ecG | ZnO nanowires | – | 0.5–50 | 6 s/36 s (0.5 ppm) | – | VOCs, benzene, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene | – | [118] |
| rGO | Ag NPs | 1.2 ppb | 0.1–15 | 5 s/6 s (0.1 ppm) | 25 | H2, CO | – | [115] |
| rGO | In2O3 nanofibers | 44 ppb | 1–60 | 17 s/214 s (−) | 30 | Organic solvents, nitrogenated compounds | Impedance at 10 kHz | [119] |
| rGO | Mesoporous PPy layer | 200 ppb | 10–40 | 5 min/10 min (−) | – | VOCs, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene, EA, toluene | No influence on humidity | [120] |
| rGO | MXene | – | 10–50 | – | – | VOCs, H2S, SO2, xylene, benzene | – | [121] |
| rGO | SnO2 nanorods | 20 ppm | 20–3000 | 8 s/13 s (200 ppm) | 45 | VOCs, NO, CO, H2S | No influence on humidity | [116] |
| GO | Fluorinated | 6 ppb | 0.1–0.5 | 86 s/116 s(−) | – | VOCs, NO2, H2, toluene | – | [122] |
| GO | Cu tetra-β-amine-phthalocyanine | – | 0.8 | −/350 s(−) | – | VOCs, NO2 | No influence on humidity | [114] |
PPy polypyrrole, EA ethyl acetate