Table 3.
Association between health status/health service utilization and symptoms of the psychological impact/adverse mental health status during the epidemic (n = 1160).
| Variable | N (%) | IES-R |
DASS – Stress |
DASS – Anxiety |
DASS – Depression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | ||
| Self-evaluation of health status | |||||
| Poor/very poor | 28 (2.4) | 15.10*** (9.37–20.84) | 14.95*** (10.94–18.95) | 12.18*** (9.23–15.12) | 13.83*** (10.02–17.64) |
| Average | 128 (11.0) | 9.00*** (6.19–11.81) | 7.71*** (5.74–9.67) | 6.53*** (5.09–7.98) | 8.06*** (6.20–9.93) |
| Good/very good | 1004 (86.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Suffering from chronic disease | |||||
| Yes^ | 201 (17.3) | 1.12 (−1.27–3.50) | −2.08* (−3.77 to −0.39) | −0.18 (−1.44–1.08) | −1.42 (−3.03–0.20) |
| Diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder | |||||
| Yes^ | 122 (10.5) | 8.43*** (5.53–11.33) | 8.83*** (6.80–10.85) | 8.27*** (6.78–9.75) | 9.83*** (7.92–11.75) |
| Visited a hospital in the past 14 days | |||||
| Yes^ | 195 (16.8) | 1.64 (−0.77–4.06) | 1.58 (−0.13–3.30) | 1.66* (0.39–2.94) | 0.79 (−0.84–2.43) |
| Admitted in a hospital within the last 14 days | |||||
| Yes^ | 9 (0.8) | −1.35 (−11.63–8.93) | 0.65 (−6.67–7.96) | −2.22 (−7.66–3.22) | −0.93 (−7.91–6.04) |
| Tested for COVID in the past 14 days | |||||
| Yes^ | 33 (2.8) | −0.68 (−6.10–4.75) | −1.34 (−5.20–2.52) | 0.52 (−2.35–3.39) | −1.72 (−5.40–1.96) |
| Recent quarantine in the past 14 days | |||||
| Yes^ | 12 (1.0) | −2.84 (−11.76–6.07) | 1.83 (−4.52–8.17) | 1.87 (−2.85–6.59) | −2.56 (−8.61–3.48) |
| Association between symptoms and the psychological impact/adverse mental health status | |||||
| Fever | |||||
| Yes^ | 45 (3.9) | 1.03 (−3.64–5.70) | 3.39* (0.08–6.71) | 4.78 (2.33–7.24) | 4.08* (0.92–7.24) |
| Headache | |||||
| Yes^ | 276 (23.8) | 5.13*** (3.03–7.23) | 6.20*** (4.74–7.67) | 4.44*** (3.35–5.53) | 4.81*** (3.40–6.22) |
| Muscle pain | |||||
| Yes^ | 122 (10.5) | 8.11*** (5.21–11.01) | 7.56*** (5.52–9.61) | 7.00*** (5.50–8.50) | 6.52*** (4.56–8.48) |
| Dry cough | |||||
| Yes^ | 35 (3.0) | 2.64 (−2.63–7.91) | 3.70 (−0.04–7.45) | 3.26* (0.48–6.04) | 1.26 (−2.32–4.84) |
| Dizziness | |||||
| Yes^ | 104 (9.0) | 9.42*** (6.31–12.53) | 7.35*** (5.14–9.56) | 6.68*** (5.05–8.30) | 6.53*** (4.42–8.64) |
| Nasal congestion | |||||
| Yes^ | 113 (9.7) | 4.37** (1.34–7.40) | 4.92*** (2.77–7.06) | 3.98*** (2.39–5.58) | 4.47*** (2.42–6.52) |
| Sore throat | |||||
| Yes^ | 129 (11.1) | 4.82*** (1.97–7.68) | 3.77*** (1.74–5.80) | 5.24*** (3.75–6.73) | 2.42* (0.48–4.36) |
| Difficulty breathing | |||||
| Yes^ | 46 (4.0) | 8.78*** (4.18–13.37) | 8.79*** (5.54–12.03) | 11.43*** (9.07–13.78) | 9.15*** (6.06–12.24) |
| Diarrhea | |||||
| Yes^ | 66 (5.7) | 4.37* (0.48–8.25) | 4.92*** (2.16–7.68) | 4.71*** (2.67–6.75) | 4.68*** (2.06–7.31) |
| No symptoms | |||||
| Yes^ | 705 (60.8) | −5.52*** (−7.34 to −3.70) | −5.85*** (−7.12 to −4.58) | −5.04*** (−5.98 to −4.11) | −5.16*** (−6.37 to −3.94) |
IES-R: Revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R);DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items; B (95% CI):beta coefficient(95% confidence interval); ^ No “as reference * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.