Table 4.
Associations between knowledge and concerns about COVID-19 and the psychological impact/adverse mental health status during the epidemic (n = 1160).
| Variables | N (%) | IES-R |
DASS – Stress |
DASS – Anxiety |
DASS – Depression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | ||
| Knowledge of the mode of transmission of the coronavirus | |||||
| Exposure to sneeze /cough droplets and direct contact | 1121 (96.6) | −2.76 (−9.10–3.58) | 2.33 (−2.18–6.84) | −0.21 (−3.56–3.15) | 3.01 (−1.29–7.31) |
| Through the air | 15 (1.3) | −1.58 (−11.70–8.53) | 1.98 (−5.21–9.18) | 10.03 (−40.32–60.39) | 30.32 (−30.54–100.17) |
| I don't know | 24 (2.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Confidence about options of diagnosing the disease | |||||
| Not confident | 22 (1.9) | 5.74 (−0.89–12.37) | 2.77 (−1.93–7.47) | 3.44 (−0.06–6.95) | 1.95 (−2.56–6.46) |
| Slightly confident | 36 (3.1) | 6.77* (1.52–12.02) | 6.23** (2.50–9.95) | 4.93*** (2.16–7.71) | 5.65** (2.08–9.22) |
| Moderately confident | 232 (20) | 5.17*** (2.77–7.58) | 4.12*** (2.41–5.82) | 2.25*** (0.97–3.52) | 2.73** (1.09–4.37) |
| Very confident | 355 (30.6) | 1.22 (−0.88–3.32) | 1.88* (0.39–3.37) | 0.99 (−0.12–2.10) | 1.04 (−0.39–2.47) |
| Extremely confident | 515 (44.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Satisfaction with the amount of information on the disease | |||||
| Not satisfied | 24 (2.1) | 4.63 (−1.73–10.99) | 0.18 (−4.33–4.69) | 0.29 (−3.07–3.64) | 0.25 (−4.07–4.56) |
| Slightly satisfied | 44 (3.8) | 4.68 (−0.09–9.46) | 5.22** (1.84–8.61) | 4.13** (1.61–6.65) | 4.44** (1.20–7.68) |
| Moderately satisfied | 179 (15.4) | 4.83*** (2.22–7.44) | 3.92*** (2.07–5.77) | 2.95*** (1.57–4.33) | 3.09*** (1.32–4.86) |
| Very satisfied | 339 (29.2) | 2.47* (0.38–4.56) | 1.94* (0.45–3.42) | 1.37* (0.27–2.48) | 1.59* (0.17–3.01) |
| Extremely satisfied | 574 (49.5) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Participant's understanding of how they can protect themselves from COVID-19 | |||||
| Using herbs such as myrrh and ginger | |||||
| Yes^ | 151 (13.0) | 3.35* (0.67–6.02) | 1.12 (−0.78–3.03) | 1.41 (−0.01–2.82) | −0.04 (−1.86–1.78) |
| Social distancing for 1 m or more | |||||
| Yes^ | 792 (68.3) | −1.46 (−3.40–0.47) | 0.40 (−0.98–1.78) | −0.57 (−1.59–0.46) | −0.01 (−1.33–1.30) |
| Self-isolation | |||||
| Yes^ | 1091 (94.1) | −0.49 (−4.31–3.32) | −0.16 (−2.87–2.56) | −1.01 (−3.02–1.01) | −1.23 (−3.81–1.36) |
| Washing and disinfecting my hands continuously | |||||
| Yes^ | 1030 (88.8) | −0.34 (−3.20–2.52) | −0.16 (−2.19–1.88) | −1.25 (−2.76–0.26) | −0.58 (−2.52–1.36) |
| Using antibiotics | |||||
| Yes^ | 32 (2.8) | −4.01 (−9.51–1.49) | −2.51 (−6.43–1.40) | −0.75 (−3.67–2.16) | 0.73 (−3.00–4.47) |
| No protection needed | |||||
| Yes^ | 4 (0.3) | 11.64 (−3.73–27.01) | 7.83 (−3.10–18.77) | 10.56* (2.43–18.68) | 4.98 (−5.45–15.42) |
| I don't know | |||||
| Yes^ | 16 (1.4) | 3.02 (−4.71–10.75) | 3.10 (−2.40–8.60) | 5.22* (1.13–9.30) | 3.77 (−1.48–9.01) |
| Chances of recovering if diagnosed with COVID-19 | |||||
| Not likely | 17 (1.5) | 7.75* (0.32–15.18) | 1.06 (−4.22–6.35) | 1.40 (−2.52–5.32) | 1.73 (−3.29–6.74) |
| Slightly | 36 (3.1) | 10.95*** (5.75–16.15) | 8.19*** (4.49–11.89) | 7.28*** (4.54–10.02) | 10.47*** (6.96–13.98) |
| Moderately | 220 (19) | 7.07*** (4.63–9.50) | 5.19*** (3.46–6.92) | 3.83*** (2.54–5.11) | 5.01*** (3.36–6.65) |
| Very likely | 384 (33.1) | 4.53*** (2.49–6.57) | 2.58*** (1.13–4.04) | 0.87 (−0.20–1.95) | 2.46*** (1.09–3.84) |
| Extremely likely | 503 (43.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Perceived likelihood of infection during the current outbreak of the coronavirus | |||||
| Extremely likely | 40 (3.4) | 3.74 (−1.22–8.70) | 6.68*** (3.20–10.15) | 4.34** (1.74–6.94) | 7.54*** (4.21–10.86) |
| Very likely | 64 (5.5) | 9.81*** (5.80–13.83) | 9.41*** (6.60–12.22) | 6.90*** (4.80–9.00) | 9.54*** (6.85–12.22) |
| Moderately | 297 (25.6) | 5.53*** (3.30–7.75) | 5.72*** (4.17–7.28) | 3.70*** (2.53–4.86) | 4.37*** (2.88–5.86) |
| Slightly | 277 (23.9) | 5.77*** (3.49–8.04) | 3.58*** (1.99–5.18) | 2.48*** (1.29–3.67) | 2.80*** (1.27–4.32) |
| Not likely | 482 (41.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Opinion about the statement: “I feel that there are a lot of unnecessary worrying regarding COVID-19” | |||||
| Strongly disagree | 695 (59.9) | −0.09 (−3.60–3.41) | 2.67* (0.17–5.16) | 1.02 (−0.84–2.88) | 2.06 (−0.32–4.44) |
| Disagree | 134 (11.6) | −2.56 (−6.80–1.68) | 2.52 (−0.50–5.53) | 1.02 (−1.22–3.27) | 2.12 (−0.76–5.00) |
| Undecided | 162 (14) | −1.11 (−5.21–2.98) | 0.98 (−1.93–3.89) | 0.01 (−2.16–2.18) | 1.23 (−1.55–4.01) |
| Agree | 83 (7.2) | 1.78 (−2.94–6.50) | 2.16 (−1.19–5.52) | 1.54 (−0.97–4.04) | 1.82 (−1.39–5.02) |
| Strongly agree | 86 (7.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
IES-R: Revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R);DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items; B (95% CI):beta coefficient(95% confidence interval); ^ No “as reference * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.