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Uremic toxins lead to the loss of intercellular junctions, which results in increased endothelial permeability. This scheme demonstrates that uremic toxins induce cytoskeleton remodeling, reduce vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin gene expression and activate Src, which phosphorylates VE-cadherin and leads to its internalization. In addition, uremic toxins also decrease zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein levels.
