Table 1.
Concentrations of mycotoxins in investigated rye samples in different growing seasons.
| DON | NIV | 3ADON | MAS | DAS | T2 | HT2 | ZEN | OTA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing Season 2016/2017 | |||||||||
| Number of samples | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Positive (%) | 100 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 10 |
| Mean (µg/kg) | 70.6 c | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 1.64 c | 6.59 b | 1.82 b | <LOQ |
| Mean positive (µg/kg) | 70.6 | 8.06 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD | 1.93 | 7.75 | 2.27 | 1.58 |
| Median (µg/kg) | 45.2 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.98 | 3.95 | 0.60 | <LOD |
| Maximum (µg/kg) | 354.1 | 9.72 | 3.00 | <LOQ | <LOD | 6.63 | 29.8 | 10.2 | 2.75 |
| Growing Season 2017/2018 | |||||||||
| Number of samples | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Positive (%) | 90 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 70 | 55 | 50 | 0 |
| Mean (µg/kg) | 9.62 b | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.96 b | <LOQ a | 0.24 a | <LOD |
| Mean positive (µg/kg) | 10.7 | 15.5 | <LOD | 2.29 | <LOD | 1.37 | 2.27 | 0.49 | <LOD |
| Median (µg/kg) | 8.44 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.61 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Maximum (µg/kg) | 27.9 | 26.4 | <LOD | 3.07 | <LOD | 5.62 | 3.25 | 1.99 | <LOD |
| Growing Season 2018/2019 | |||||||||
| Number of samples | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Positive (%) | 80 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 35 | 30 | 5 | 0 |
| Mean (µg/kg) | 6.21 a | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOQ a | <LOQ a | <LOD | <LOD |
| Mean positive (µg/kg) | 7.77 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | 1.03 | 3.64 | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Median (µg/kg) | 4.17 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Maximum (µg/kg) | 17.0 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | 1.68 | 6.93 | <LOQ | <LOD |
For the calculation, the results below the limit of detection (LOD) value were set as zero, whereas the results comprising between the LOD and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were set as the LOQ value for each mycotoxin. Mean concentrations in the same column with different letters a–c are significantly different (α = 0.05).