Table 1.

Primer sequences and qPCR conditions used to assess the gene expression of ATF4, HSPA5 and DDIT3, GAPDH and B2M were used as housekeeping controls.

Gene ID	GenBank	Primer sequence (5′–3′)	Annealing temperature	Amplicon length	Melting temperature
ATF4	NM_001675.4	Sense: ATCCTGCTTGCTGTTGTTGG Anti-sense: GTTCTCCAGCGACAAGGCTA	61.1°C	88	83.00°C
HSPA5	NM_005347.4	Sense: TTCTGCTGTATCCTCTTCACCAGT Anti-sense: TGTTCAACCAATTATCAGCAAACTC	61.1°C	73	78.50°C
DDIT3	NM_001195057.1	Sense: TCTCCTTCATGCGCTGCTTT Anti-sense: AGAACCAGGAAACGGAAACAGA	57.0°C	67	80.50°C
GAPDH	NM_001289746.1	Sense: CGGGAAGCTTGTGATCAATGG Anti-sense: GGCAGTGATGGCATGGACTG	55.0°C	358	83.50°C
B2M	NM_004048.2	Sense: AGCAGCATCATGGAGGTTTG Anti-Sense: AGCCCTCCTAGAGCTACCTG	59.0°C	229	80.50°C

The specific primer sequences for ATF4, HSPA5 and DDIT3 were obtained from Oslowski and Urano (2011), whereas GAPDH and B2M primers were in-house designed using BLAST software found on the NCBI website, with the NCBI reported sequences.