Table 1.

Summary of the negative impact of various pesticides on oocytes, embryos, the endometrium, and clinical outcomes in IVF.

Pesticide		EReg	Oocyte quality	Oocyte maturation	Oocyte genetic	Embryo development	Endometrium	IR	CPR	References
Organophosphorus	Chlorpyrifos			+		+	+	+		(71) (46)
	Cypermethrin			+			+			(45)
	Malathion	+		+		+	+			(53) (46)
	Parathion	+	+	+	+					(80) (10) (54) (27)
Organochlorine	MXC	+	+	+	+					(55) (81) (49)
	TCDD						++	+	+	(40) (41) (42)
	DDD	++								(56)
	DDE	++	+	+		++	+			(28) (56) (39) (26)
	DDT	++	+	+	++	+	+	+	+	(29) (56) (31) (20) (47) (51)
	PCB	++	+			++	++	+++	++	(43) (56) (77) (78) (39)
	Dieldrin	+				++				(72) (58) (51)
	Endosulfan						++	+++		(71) (79)
	HCB	++						++	+	(57) (47)
	HCH	++	+	+					+	(30) (47)
	Lindane	+	++	++	+		+	+		(13) (59) (46)
Carbamate	Carbofuran		+	+++	+					(82)
	Benomyl	+	++	+	++					(61) (73) (62)
	Mancozeb	+	+++	+	++	+				(60)
Pyrethroid	Permethrin	+				+	++			(44) (51)
Triazine	Atrazine	++	+	+		+				(13) (36) (52)
Vinclozoline		+++		+						(83) (51)

The ‘+’ symbols indicate a negative impact: ‘+’ rarely reported, with a low level of interest; ‘++’: widely reported; ‘+++’: widely reported, with a high level of interest.

CPR: clinical pregnancy rate; DDD: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; DDE: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDT: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; EReg: endocrine regulation; HCB: hexachlorobenzene; HCH: hexachlorocyclohexane; IR: implantation rate; MXC: methoxychlor; PCB: polychlorated biphenyl; TCDD: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.