Table 1.

Baseline participant characteristics (n = 20).

Variables	Value	Reference range
Sex	Male (14), Female (6)	NA
Age, years	54.9 ± 15.3	NA
BMI, kg/m2	26.6 ± 4.2	18.5–24.9
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	126.0 ± 15.0	<140
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	77.7 ± 11.1	<90
Fasting plasma glucose concentration, mmol/L	10.4 ± 2.6	<7.0
HbA1c, NGSP (%) (IFCC (mmol/mol))	11.1 ± 2.9 (98.2 ± 15.8)	<6.0 (<42.1)
Fasting serum C-peptide, ng/mL	2.36 ± 1.21	0.61–2.09
Glucose infusion rate, mg/kg/min	3.71 ± 1.58	9.13 ± 4.75
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L	29.6 ± 19.7	13–30
Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L	37.5 ± 33.4	10–30
Uric acid, μmol/L	343 ± 101	220–416
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	1.17 ± 0.25	>1.03
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.73 ± 0.76	<1.68
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	3.19 ± 0.90	<3.59

Values are presented as means ± s.d.

HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.