Table 2.

Comparison between LPCBFO and other algorithms with 30 dimensions

	BFO	BFO-LDC	BFO-NDC	LBFO	BSO	LPCBFO
Sphere	3.68e−01	6.26e−02	3.21e−03	5.88e−03	5.10e−06	1.39e−92
	5.62e−01	1.03e−01	4.72e−03	2.95e−02	2.47e−04	3.83e−78
	4.91e−01	8.57e−02	3.96e−03	1.74e−02	7.06e−05	3.83e−79
	7.07e−02	1.38e−02	5.01e−04	7.77e−03	7.84e−05	1.21e−78
Rosenbrock	6.09e+01	4.18e+01	1.43e+01	2.55e+01	2.29e+01	5.99e−02
	7.79e+01	7.22e+01	2.47e+01	2.81e+01	1.28e+02	4.08e+00
	7.10e+01	5.22e+01	2.12e+01	2.68e+01	3.69e+01	1.71e+00
	5.27e+00	8.10e+00	3.34e+00	1.10e+00	3.19e+01	1.99e+00
Schwefel	3.32e+00	2.42e+02	1.01e+02	1.25e+02	9.18e−02	6.30e−35
	5.14e+00	3.49e+04	2.65e+05	8.36e+02	2.52e−01	8.28e−28
	3.95e+00	1.04e+04	4.31e+04	3.00e+02	1.37e−01	1.01e−28
	5.03e−01	1.09e+04	8.73e+04	2.51e+02	5.36e−02	2.61e−28
Sum	1.58e−04	1.76e+03	1.21e+04	1.24e−07	1.49e−09	1.73e−96
	6.63e−04	5.48e+04	6.33e+06	3.20e−07	1.45e−07	8.38e−61
	3.91e−04	1.82e+04	9.32e+05	2.29e−07	2.22e−08	8.38e−62
	1.72e−04	1.82e+04	1.95e+06	5.96e−08	4.38e−08	2.65e−61
Rastrigin	1.07e+02	2.65e+02	1.48e+02	1.56e+02	2.99e+01	1.49e+01
	1.51e+02	3.50e+02	2.35e+02	1.86e+02	4.59e+01	2.49e+01
	1.36e+02	3.11e+02	1.84e+02	1.74e+02	3.73e+01	1.92e+01
	1.39e+01	2.74e+01	2.73e+01	9.71e+00	5.00e+00	3.22e+00
Ackley	1.68e+01	1.06e+01	1.83e+01	1.80e+01	6.18e+00	1.16e+00
	1.77e+01	1.96e+01	1.91e+01	1.806e+01	1.16e+01	4.30e+00
	1.74e+01	1.84e+01	1.89e+01	1.803e+01	9.49e+00	2.407e+00
	2.96e−01	2.77e+00	2.79e−01	1.48e−02	1.77e+00	8.26e−01