Table 5. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with FGIDs.
| Risk factor | Regurgitation | Infant colic | Functional diarrhea | Infant dyschezia | Functional constipation | At least one FGIDs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aRR (95% CI) | p-value | aRR (95% CI) | p-value | aRR (95% CI) | p-value | aRR (95% CI) | p-value | aRR (95% CI) | p-value | aRR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Sex (male/female) | 1.04 (0.89–1.23) | 0.593 | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 0.656 | 1.59 (0.80–3.17) | 0.190 | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.286 | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) | 0.690 | 1.01 (0.95–1.09) | 0.679 | |
| Fetal growth | |||||||||||||
| SGA vs. AGA | 0.96 (0.75–1.24) | 0.776 | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | 0.024 | 1.75 (0.72–4.23) | 0.213 | 1.21 (0.92–1.59) | 0.170 | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | 0.961 | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.388 | |
| LGA vs. AGA | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 0.635 | 1.26 (1.00–1.60) | 0.053 | 1.92 (0.60–6.14) | 0.272 | 1.10 (0.74–1.63) | 0.632 | 1.27 (0.83–1.93) | 0.269 | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | 0.085 | |
| C-section (yes/no) | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.875 | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 0.124 | 0.82 (0.39–1.70) | 0.593 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 0.085 | 1.25 (0.99–1.57) | 0.059 | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 0.080 | |
| Feeding pattern | |||||||||||||
| Exclusive formula vs. Breastmilk | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 0.184 | 1.14 (0.96–1.35) | 0.139 | 2.77 (1.26–6.09) | 0.014 | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 0.956 | 1.17 (0.89–1.54) | 0.260 | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 0.079 | |
| Mix vs. Breastmilk | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) | 0.389 | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 0.168 | 0.49 (0.14–1.76) | 0.272 | 0.76 (0.58–0.98) | 0.037 | 1.21 (0.93–1.60) | 0.161 | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 0.312 | |
| Antibiotics (yes/no) | 1.26 (1.03–1.54) | 0.024 | 1.20 (1.02–1.41) | 0.028 | 0.96 (0.43–2.17) | 0.925 | 1.19 (0.93–1.51) | 0.164 | 1.11 (0.85–1.46) | 0.450 | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 0.005 | |
| Hospital stay >4 d (yes/no) | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) | 0.626 | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.31–1.74) | 0.480 | 0.92 (0.71–1.20) | 0.553 | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.065 | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 0.867 | |
FGID: functional gastrointestinal disorder, aRR: adjusted relative risk, CI: confidence interval, SGA: small for gestational age, AGA: adequate for gestational age, LGA: large for gestational age.