Table 2. Comparison between anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients with and without anti-NFM antibodies.
| Anti-NFM (−) (n=38) | Anti-NFM (+) (n=7) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age at onset, years | 24 [2–64] | 20 [6–39] |
| Pediatric onset | 13 (34) | 4 (57) |
| Sex ratio (female:male) | 1:1 | 2.5:1 |
| Onset symptoms | ||
| Seizures | 10 (26) | 3 (43) |
| Fever | 12 (32) | 3 (43) |
| Psychiatric behavior | 22 (58) | 3 (43) |
| Movement disorder | 3 (8) | 2 (29) |
| Speech | 2 (5) | 1 (14) |
| Orofacial | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Limb | 0 (0) | 1 (14) |
| Diplopia | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Cognitive dysfunction | 5 (13) | 1 (14) |
| Autonomic dysfunction | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| MOG-IgG | 4 (11) | 2 (29) |
| Systemic antibodies | 9 (24) | 0 (0) |
| Concomitant autoimmunity | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| CSF WBC (×106/L) | 11 [0–568] | 28 [6–91] |
| CSF protein (g/L) | 0.26 [0.07–1.18] | 0.27 [0.11–1.57] |
| Abnormal brain MRI findings | 24 (63) | 3 (43) |
| Tumor | 7 (18) | 1 (14) |
| mRS score at onset | 4 [1–5] | 3.5 [2–4] |
| Follow-up duration, months | 1 [0–24] | 7 [1–32] |
| mRS score at last visit | 2 [0–5] | 0 [0–2] |
Data are median [range] or n (%) values.
Concomitant autoimmunity, positive for anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-A antibody.
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, IgG: immunoglobulin G, MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, mRS: modified Rankin Scale, NFM: medium neurofilament, NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, WBC: white blood cell count.