Table 1. Demographics and results of autonomic function tests.
| OH patients (n=78) | Non-OH controls (n=585) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 68.1±11.8 | 57.1±16.6 | <0.001 |
| Sex, female | 34 (43.6) | 288 (49.2) | 0.399 |
| Baseline systolic BP, mm Hg | 144.7±22.4 | 130.9±21.9 | <0.001 |
| Baseline diastolic BP, mm Hg | 69.0±10.3 | 68.7±9.5 | 0.810 |
| Baseline HR, bpm | 69.0±14.1 | 68.0±10.6 | 0.447 |
| QSART sweat volume, µL | |||
| Forearm | 1.07±0.89 | 1.01±1.19 | 0.672 |
| Proximal leg | 1.06±1.38 | 1.06±1.37 | 0.981 |
| Distal leg | 0.94±0.62 | 0.97±0.76 | 0.688 |
| Proximal foot | 0.20±0.24 | 0.28±0.31 | 0.013 |
| Deep breathing | |||
| Minimum expiration HR, bpm | 67.2±15.1 | 64.9±11.2 | 0.189 |
| Maximum inspiration HR, bpm | 72.8±15.0 | 74.7±11.3 | 0.282 |
| E-I difference, bpm | 5.6±3.6 | 9.9±6.9 | <0.001 |
| E:I ratio | 1.09±0.06 | 1.16±0.11 | <0.001 |
| Valsalva maneuver | |||
| ΔSystolic BP (early phase II), mm Hg | -37.4±19.8 | -4.6±12.0 | <0.001 |
| ΔSystolic BP (late phase II), mm Hg | -18.8±25.3 | 6.4±11.6 | 0.004 |
| ΔSystolic BP (phase IV), mm Hg | 22.8±16.6 | 23.8±15.4 | 0.869 |
| Valsalva ratio (phase-II HR/phase-IV HR) | 1.24±0.16 | 1.46±0.75 | 0.008 |
| CASS | |||
| Total score | 4.38±1.80 | 2.09±1.66 | <0.001 |
| Sudomotor-domain score | 1.50±0.92 | 1.04±0.91 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovagal-domain score | 1.18±0.77 | 0.65±0.70 | <0.001 |
| Adrenergic-domain score | 1.72±0.97 | 0.42±0.72 | <0.001 |
Data are mean±SD or n (%) values.
BP: blood pressure, CASS: Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale, E-I difference: difference between expiration and inspiration, E:I ratio: expiration: inspiration ratio, HR: heart rate, OH: orthostatic hypotension, QSART: quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test.