Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| DM+ | DM− | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 107 | n = 109 | ||
| Age, years | 69.9 ± 10.9 | 72.2 ± 8.6 | 0.09 |
| Male, n (%) | 83 (77.6%) | 87 (79.8%) | 0.69 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 ± 3.6 | 22.7 ± 3.6 | 0.19 |
| Height, cm | 161 ± 10 | 161 ± 9 | 0.81 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 83 (77.6%) | 82 (75.2%) | 0.69 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 78 (72.9%) | 72 (66.1%) | 0.28 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 24 (22.4%) | 24 (22.0%) | 0.94 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 12 (11.2%) | 23 (21.1%) | 0.05 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 26 (24.3%) | 25 (22.9%) | 0.81 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 10 (9.3%) | 10 (9.2%) | 0.97 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 9 (8.4%) | 4 (3.7%) | 0.14 |
| LVEF (%) | 60.0 ± 12.7 | 62.1 ± 12.3 | 0.23 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 58.8 ± 29.7 | 59.0 ± 21.3 | 0.96 |
| eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 15 (15.0%) | 11 (10.1%) | 0.28 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 126 ± 62 | 131 ± 67 | 0.55 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 45 ± 13 | 47 ± 12 | 0.24 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 97 ± 31 | 106 ± 30 | 0.03 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.4 ± 2.2 | 12.4 ± 2.6 | 0.98 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.34 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 10 (5–35) | 11 (6–31) | 0.98 |
| DM medication, n (%) | |||
| No medication | 39 (36.4%) | - | |
| OHA without insulin | 39 (36.4%) | - | |
| Insulin | 29 (27.1%) | - | |
| Statin, n (%) | 77 (72.0%) | 76 (69.7%) | 0.72 |
| ACEI or ARB, n (%) | 67 (62.7%) | 60 (55.0%) | 0.26 |
| Clinical presentation, n (%) | |||
| Stable angina/ Silent ischemia | 73 (68.2%) | 79 (72.5%) | 0.49 |
| Unstable angina | 16 (15%) | 14 (12.8%) | 0.65 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 18 (16.8%) | 16 (14.7%) | 0.67 |
MI = myocardial infarction, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, DM = diabetes mellitus, OHA = oral hypoglycemic agent, ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker