Table 1. Baseline and clinical characteristics of patients.
| OSA severity | No (n = 45) |
Mild (n = 68) |
Moderate (n = 153) |
Severe (n = 283) |
p for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 43.1 ± 15.1 | 52.5 ± 11.7 | 54.5 ± 12.4 | 52.9 ± 13.1 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 29 (64) | 57 (84) | 131 (86) | 263 (96) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 3.8 | 25.5 ± 4.0 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 27.1 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 27 (60) | 33 (49) | 82 (54) | 141 (50) | 0.352 |
| Known CAD, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 5 (3) | 10 (4) | 0.155 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 7 (16) | 31 (46) | 83 (54) | 149 (53) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | 8 (5) | 29 (10) | 0.004 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 96.8 ± 12.2 | 102.1 ± 22.3 | 107.7 ± 30.4 | 104.1 ± 21.0 | 0.069 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 0.163 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187.3 ± 35.4 | 201.0 ± 30.3 | 199.8 ± 33.4 | 198.8 ± 35.0 | 0.047 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 132.4 ± 77.9 | 154.9 ± 83.0 | 151.8 ± 91.3 | 178.0 ± 153.7 | 0.032 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 51.2 ± 11.3 | 49.6 ± 12.6 | 48.2 ± 12.5 | 46.4 ± 12.1 | 0.020 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 124.9 ± 15.1 | 130.8 ± 18.1 | 131.4 ± 17.0 | 133.2 ± 15.7 | 0.002 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78.0 ± 11.6 | 83.2 ± 10.5 | 84.0 ± 10.7 | 84.6 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |
| CAVI | 7.0 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 7.6 ± 1.4 | 0.011 |
| Antihypertensive drug | 1 (2) | 26 (38) | 68 (44) | 121 (43) | < 0.001 |
| Antidiabetic drug | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.963 |
| Aortic knob width, mm | 32.9 ± 5.4 | 35.9 ± 5.0 | 37.5 ± 5.0 | 38.1 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
| AHI, /h | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 3.0 | 23.1 ± 4.2 | 51.3 ± 15.8 | < 0.001 |
| Arousal index, /h | 18.2 ± 10.5 | 22.9 ± 9.4 | 28.9 ± 10.9 | 50.0 ± 18.6 | < 0.001 |
| ODI (3%), /h | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 3.7 | 14.6 ± 6.6 | 42.2 ± 19.4 | < 0.001 |
| Lowest SpO2, % | 90.5 ± 3.9 | 80.8 ± 15.2 | 76.6 ± 14.9 | 73.3 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |
AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAVI, cardio–ankle vascular index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation.