Table 1. Baseline characteristics for all subjects.
| N = 352 | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.8 ± 10.1 |
| Male (N, %) | 213 (60.5) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 3.7 |
| Type 2 diabetes (N, %) | 219 (62.2) |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 342 (97.2) |
| Chronic kidney disease (N, %) | 200 (56.8) |
| Dyslipidemia (N, %) | 328 (93.2) |
| Current smoking (N, %) | 3 (0.9%) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.3 ± 16.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.7 ± 10.2 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 126.5 ± 40.4 |
| HemoglobinA1C (%) | 6.9 ± 1.5 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.9 ± 40.5 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 126.8 ± 65.7 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.6 ± 15.5 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 94.9 ± 30.7 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 23.0 ± 13.8 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.3 ± 2.8 |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 51.2 ± 29.5 |
| Median decline of estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2 per year) | −0.7 (−6.1 to 1.2) |
| Medications (N, %) | |
| Antiplatelet agents | 263 (74.7%) |
| RAAS blockers | 227 (64.5%) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 224 (63.6%) |
| Diuretics | 102 (28.9%) |
| Vasodilators | 23 (6.5%) |
| Statins | 322 (92.1%) |
| Fibrates | 28 (7.9%) |
| Ezetimide | 40 (11.4%) |
| Insulin | 55 (15.6%) |
| Sulfonylurea | 106 (30.1%) |
| Metformin | 93 (26.4%) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 44 (12.5%) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 27 (7.6%) |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 20 (5.7%) |
DPP4 inhibitor: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, GFR; Glomerular filtration rate, RAAS: Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, SGLT2 inhibitors: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors