Table 2. Baseline characteristics for all subjects according to CAVI status.
| CAVI |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 8 | 8–8.9 | ≥ 9 | ||
| (n = 46) | (n = 82) | (n = 224) | ||
| Age (years) | 57.3 ± 10.2 | 64.6 ± 8.2 | 71.2 ± 8.8 | < 0.001 |
| Male (N, %) | 26 (56.5) | 43 (52.4) | 144 (64.3) | 0.144 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 3.6 | 26.6 ± 4.1 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes (N, %) | 30 (65.2) | 45 (54.9) | 144 (64.3) | 0.292 |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 46 (100) | 82 (100) | 214 (95.5) | 0.053 |
| Chronic kidney disease (N, %) | 25 (54.4) | 49 (59.8) | 126 (56.3) | 0.806 |
| Dyslipidemia (N, %) | 43 (93.5) | 76 (92.7) | 209 (93.3) | 0.978 |
| Current smoking (N, %) | 0 | 2 (2.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0.194 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.5 ± 15.6 | 136.3 ± 18.6 | 138.9 ± 15.0 | 0.015 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.3 ± 9.5 | 75.7 ± 11.2 | 73.0 ± 9.9 | 0.115 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 130 ± 43.2 | 118.9 ± 40.3 | 128.4 ± 39.7 | 0.169 |
| HemoglobinA1C (%) | 7.0 ± 1.6 | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 0.794 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.8 ± 35.3 | 168.9 ± 44.1 | 162.1 ± 39.9 | 0.454 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 124.4 ± 66.6 | 133.4 ± 86.7 | 124.7 ± 55.7 | 0.592 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.6 ± 12.2 | 53.5 ± 18.1 | 52.5 ± 15.1 | 0.797 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 97.9 ± 29.3 | 97.8 ± 33.6 | 93.2 ± 29.9 | 0.399 |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 54.2 ± 33.1 | 51.6 ± 31.7 | 50.4 ± 27.9 | 0.724 |
| Median decline of estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2 per year) | −0.6 (−3.4 to 4) | −0.7 (−7.5 to −0.13) | −2.4 (−7.5 to −0.4) | 0.003 |
CAVI; Cardio-ankle vascular index, GFR; Glomerular filtration rate