Table 3.
Serial mediation analysis to identify direct and indirect effects of childhood trauma on psychotic-like experiences.
| Effect | Path | Coeff. | SE | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LLCI | ULCI | ||||
| Emotional abuse | |||||
| Direct effect of CT on cannabis use | a1 | 0.9479*** | 0.1496 | 0.6543 | 1.2414 |
| Direct effect of CT on cognitive biases | a2 | 2.4549*** | 0.5144 | 1.4454 | 3.4645 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on cognitive biases | a3 | 1.2220*** | 0.1135 | 0.9993 | 1.4448 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on PLEs | b1 | 0.7566*** | 0.0747 | 0.6100 | 0.9031 |
| Direct effect of cognitive biases on PLEs | b2 | 0.2133*** | 0.0209 | 0.1723 | 0.2543 |
| Direct effect of CT on PLEs | c | 1.6438*** | 0.3221 | 1.0115 | 2.2760 |
| Total indirect effect | ab | 1.4879 | 0.2149 | 1.0776 | 1.9226 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use | a1b1 | 0.7171 | 0.1410 | 0.4546 | 1.0079 |
| Indirect effect through cognitive biases | a2b2 | 0.5237 | 0.1264 | 0.2902 | 0.7826 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use and cognitive biases | a1a3b2 | 0.2471 | 0.0553 | 0.1490 | 0.3630 |
| Emotional neglect | |||||
| Direct effect of CT on cannabis use | a1 | 1.1336*** | 0.1492 | 0.8408 | 1.4265 |
| Direct effect of CT on cognitive biases | a2 | 2.2282*** | 0.5243 | 1.1993 | 3.2571 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on cognitive biases | a3 | 1.2140*** | 0.1149 | 0.9886 | 1.4395 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on PLEs | b1 | 0.7614*** | 0.0758 | 0.6126 | 0.9101 |
| Direct effect of cognitive biases on PLEs | b2 | 0.2199*** | 0.0210 | 0.1787 | 0.2611 |
| Direct effect of CT on PLEs | c | 1.1437** | 0.3292 | 0.4977 | 1.7898 |
| Total indirect effect | ab | 1.6558 | 0.2189 | 1.2525 | 2.0962 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use | a1b1 | 0.8631 | 0.1504 | 0.5901 | 1.1825 |
| Indirect effect through cognitive biases | a2b2 | 0.4900 | 0.1276 | 0.2543 | 0.7553 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use and cognitive biases | a1a3b2 | 0.3027 | 0.0613 | 0.1933 | 0.4351 |
| Physical abuse | |||||
| Direct effect of CT on cannabis use | a1 | 1.0117*** | 0.1508 | 0.7158 | 1.3076 |
| Direct effect of CT on cognitive biases | a2 | 2.0724** | 0.5233 | 1.0453 | 3.0995 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on cognitive biases | a3 | 1.2354*** | 0.1142 | 1.0112 | 1.4596 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on PLEs | b1 | 0.7567*** | 0.0752 | 0.6092 | 0.9043 |
| Direct effect of cognitive biases on PLEs | b2 | 0.2181*** | 0.0209 | 0.1771 | 0.2591 |
| Direct effect of CT on PLEs | c | 1.4384*** | 0.3264 | 0.7978 | 2.0789 |
| Total indirect effect | ab | 1.4901 | 0.2029 | 1.1149 | 1.9039 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use | a1b1 | 0.7656 | 0.1415 | 0.5060 | 1.0593 |
| Indirect effect through cognitive biases | a2b2 | 0.4520 | 0.1216 | 0.2274 | 0.7045 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use and cognitive biases | a1a3b2 | 0.2726 | 0.0573 | 0.1690 | 0.3962 |
| Sexual abuse | |||||
| Direct effect of CT on cannabis use | a1 | 0.7357** | 0.2032 | 0.3369 | 1.1344 |
| Direct effect of CT on cognitive biases | a2 | 3.3727*** | 0.6773 | 2.0433 | 4.7021 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on cognitive biases | a3 | 1.2697*** | 0.1117 | 1.0487 | 1.4870 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on PLEs | b1 | 0.7992*** | 0.0748 | 0.6524 | 0.9460 |
| Direct effect of cognitive biases on PLEs | b2 | 0.2208*** | 0.0211 | 0.1794 | 0.2623 |
| Direct effect of CT on PLEs | c | 1.1598* | 0.4297 | 0.3165 | 2.0031 |
| Total indirect effect | ab | 1.5387 | 0.1861 | 0.4064 | 1.1234 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use | a1b1 | 0.5879 | 0.1740 | 0.2704 | 0.9497 |
| Indirect effect through cognitive biases | a2b2 | 0.7448 | 0.1861 | 0.4064 | 1.1234 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use and cognitive biases | a1a3b2 | 0.2060 | 0.0649 | 0.0917 | 0.3431 |
| Any childhood adversities | |||||
| Direct effect of CT on cannabis use | a1 | 1.2001*** | 0.1908 | 0.8256 | 1.5746 |
| Direct effect of CT on cognitive biases | a2 | 2.4432** | 0.6618 | 1.1442 | 3.7421 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on cognitive biases | a3 | 1.2828*** | 0.1143 | 1.0584 | 1.5072 |
| Direct effect of cannabis use on PLEs | b1 | 0.7717*** | 0.0755 | 0.6235 | 0.9198 |
| Direct effect of cognitive biases on PLEs | b2 | 0.2250*** | 0.0208 | 0.1841 | 0.2658 |
| Direct effect of CT on PLEs | c | 1.6244*** | 0.4119 | 0.8160 | 2.4328 |
| Total indirect effect | ab | 1.8221 | 0.2546 | 1.3317 | 2.3237 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use | a1b1 | 0.9261 | 0.1687 | 0.6262 | 1.2840 |
| Indirect effect through cognitive biases | a2b2 | 0.5496 | 0.1471 | 0.2758 | 0.8569 |
| Indirect effect through cannabis use and cognitive biases | a1a3b2 | 0.3463 | 0.0704 | 0.2200 | 0.4958 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; CT, childhood trauma; PLE, psychotic-like experiences; SE, standard error.
*
p < 0.01.
**
p < 0.001.
***
p < 0.0001.