Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the RR and the TR groups
| RR (n = 57) | TR (n = 30) | Welsh two-sample t-test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | m1 | sd1 | m0 | sd0 | T | df | PV |
| Age | 33.3 | 8.8 | 33.1 | 7.9 | 0.1 | 65.3 | 0.901 |
| Education | 11.3 | 2.3 | 10.7 | 2 | 1.3 | 65.2 | 0.199 |
| Participation | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | −1.7 | 55.4 | 0.093 |
| PANSS.Tot | 76.1 | 15.3 | 68.2 | 14.7 | 2.3 | 58.3 | 0.022 |
| PANSS.Pos | 15.7 | 4.7 | 14.8 | 4.5 | 0.8 | 58.5 | 0.428 |
| PANSS.Neg | 23.4 | 6.1 | 19.4 | 5.7 | 3 | 59.8 | 0.004 |
| PANSS.GP | 37.3 | 8.1 | 33.9 | 8.7 | 1.7 | 52.9 | 0.089 |
| PSP | 55.9 | 12.4 | 54.9 | 16.2 | 0.3 | 45.2 | 0.765 |
| ERF-CS.Tot | 48.2 | 25.8 | 48.2 | 34.2 | 0 | 41.2 | 0.996 |
| Simil.NB | 20.2 | 5.6 | 19.8 | 5.9 | 0.3 | 56.9 | 0.793 |
| BEMRI.NB | 5.9 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 52.9 | 0.862 |
| BEMRD.NB | 5.4 | 2.7 | 5.6 | 3 | −0.3 | 54.2 | 0.746 |
| TMTA.Time | 41.8 | 16.4 | 45.5 | 24 | −0.7 | 44 | 0.459 |
| TMTB.Time | 114.9 | 67.8 | 136.7 | 94.4 | −1.1 | 43.4 | 0.274 |
| Coding.NB | 50.7 | 13.1 | 51.8 | 14.8 | −0.3 | 53.5 | 0.732 |
| PerSo.Tot | 21.4 | 4.4 | 19.7 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 61.3 | 0.09 |
| Shopping.time | 5.8 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 5.3 | −1.2 | 41.6 | 0.226 |
| MASC.CM | 22 | 7.3 | 22.7 | 8.4 | −0.4 | 51 | 0.717 |
| MASC.Hy | 6.2 | 3.5 | 7.6 | 2.9 | −2 | 67.9 | 0.048 |
| MASC.Ho | 11.6 | 5.3 | 10.1 | 4.8 | 1.2 | 62.1 | 0.224 |
| MASC.Abs | 5.3 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 3 | 1 | 65.2 | 0.338 |
| f.NART | 99.8 | 8.5 | 100.2 | 9.2 | −0.2 | 55.5 | 0.861 |
| ACSo.Tot | 31.8 | 9.5 | 31.5 | 8.2 | 0.2 | 67.3 | 0.872 |
| SERS.posit | 41.6 | 10.4 | 40.9 | 12.2 | 0.3 | 52.3 | 0.788 |
| SERS.negat | 34.1 | 10.1 | 37.4 | 12.9 | −1.2 | 49.1 | 0.243 |
| QCAE.tot | 83.6 | 9.8 | 84.5 | 8.9 | −0.4 | 64.4 | 0.657 |
| ISMI.Tot | 2.3 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 0.6 | −0.4 | 42.3 | 0.69 |
| ISMI.Alien | 2.5 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 0.9 | −0.7 | 47.6 | 0.471 |
| ISMI.Stereo | 2.1 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 46.7 | 0.75 |
| ISMI.Discri | 2.3 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 0.9 | −0.5 | 43 | 0.635 |
| ISMI.Rsoc | 2.4 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.8 | −0.5 | 48.9 | 0.605 |
| ISMI.Rstig | 2.3 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 58.5 | 0.847 |
| AIHQ.Host | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.6 | −0.9 | 69.3 | 0.351 |
| AIHQ.Intent | 3 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 1.1 | −0.6 | 59.1 | 0.529 |
| AIHQ.Anger | 2.8 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 1.1 | −1.2 | 58.3 | 0.238 |
| AIHQ.Blame | 3.2 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 1.1 | −0.4 | 62.9 | 0.7 |
| AIHQ.Agres | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.4 | −0.6 | 72.3 | 0.519 |
| AIHQ.AttRe | 3 | 1 | 3.2 | 1 | −0.8 | 58.2 | 0.42 |
| STORI.Mora | 19.4 | 8.4 | 19.5 | 9.8 | 0 | 50.1 | 0.963 |
| STORI.Cons | 26.9 | 9.9 | 27.2 | 11.9 | −0.1 | 48.6 | 0.907 |
| STORI.Prep | 29.2 | 9.2 | 29.9 | 8.8 | −0.3 | 59.6 | 0.732 |
| STORI.Reco | 31 | 8.5 | 34.8 | 9.2 | −1.9 | 53.3 | 0.069 |
| STORI.Croi | 31 | 9 | 34.3 | 10 | −1.5 | 52 | 0.14 |
| BUES.Tot | 2.2 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 47 | 0.458 |
| CPZ.EQ | 6 | 2.9 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 49.9 | 0.493 |
For each of the 42 outcome variables, the table displays the sample mean and standard deviation of the variable over the Expe patients, then over the TR patients, then the results (test statistic, degrees of freedom, p value) of the Walsh two-sample two-sided T test between both. A p value smaller than 0.05 indicates that the difference of means is significant. CPZ100eq: dose equivalent to 100 mg/day of chlorpromazine calculated according to the minimum effective dose method [25]. The mean antipsychotic dose in the sample was equivalent to 6 mg/day chlorpromazine in the RR group and to 5.5 in the TR group.
Abbreviations: AcSo, self-assessment of social cognition; AIHQ, Ambiguous Intentions and Hostility Questionnaire (agress, aggression bias; anger, anger score; blame, blame score; host, hostility bias; resp, attribution of responsibility); BUES, Boston University Empowerment Scale; BEM-RI, BEM immediate recall; BEM-RD, BEM delayed recall; Coding, WAIS-IV Coding subscale; Education, Education level (years); ERF-CS, Social Cognition—Functional Outcomes Scale; ISMI, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (tot, total score; Alien, alienation subscale; stereo, stereotype endorsement; discri, discrimination experience; soc-with, social withdrawal; Rstig, stigma resistance); MASC, Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (Abs, absence of ToM; CM, correct mentalization score; Ho, hypomentalization; Hy, hypermentalization score); PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (positive, negative, and general psychopathology subscales); PerSo, social perception test; PSP, Personal and Social Performance Scale total score; QCAE, Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy; SERS-SF, Self-Esteem Rating Scale-short form (positive and negative subscales); Simil NB, WAIS IV Similarities subtest; STORI, stage of recovery instrument (awar, awareness; growth, growth stage; mora, moratorium stage; prep, preparation stage; rebuil, rebuilding stage); TMT, Trail Making Test A and B; Bold values indicate the p-values significant at p<0.05.