Table 1.
Detailed study characteristics.
| Publication | Objective/purpose | Country | Participant characteristics | Legal status | Study type | Method of analysis | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams and Hafner [30] | To determine the experiences of patients and their relatives with the Guardianship Board, and their attitudes towards Guardianship; and to assess the need for any changes to Guardianship Board procedures | Australia | Total number of participants: 79. Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 58, 74%); bipolar disorder (n = 10, 13%); organic mental syndrome/disorder (n = 8, 10%) | Guardianship | Questionnaire | Not mentioned | Medium |
| Andreasson and Skarsater [31] | To describe patients’ conceptions and experiences of care in compulsory treatment for acute onset psychosis | Sweden | Total number of participants: 12. Schizophrenia (n = 5, 42%); delusional disorder (n = 3, 25%); schizoaffective disorder (n = 1, 8%); and unspecified nonorganic psychosis (n = 3, 25%) | Compulsory admission | Interview | Phenomenographic | High |
| Atkinson et al. [32] | To evaluate the use of community care orders in the first 33 months of their availability and to assess psychiatrists’ and patients’ views of their usefulness | Scotland | Total number of participants: 45. Schizophrenia (n = 35, 78%); bipolar disorder/manic depression (n = 10, 9%); schizoaffective disorder (n = 3, 7%); learning disability plus another condition (n = 2, 4%); schizoaffective disorder vs. manic depression (n = 1, 2%). Only 12 (27%) of participants were interviewed | Community care order | Interview | Thematic | High |
| Brophy and Ring [33] | To offer a voice to both consumers and service providers about their experiences and views of current practice and policy implementation in an area that can have a profound effect on the rights of consumers | Australia | Total number of participants: 30. Participants were most likely to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia | Community treatment order | Interview | Thematic | High |
| Canvin et al. [34] | To examine participants’ experiences of the mechanisms via which the community treatment order was designed to work: the conditions that form part of the order and the power of recall | England | Total number of participants: 26. Schizophrenia (n = 18, 69.2%); bipolar (n = 7, 26.9%); and other psychosis (n = 1, 3.9%) | Community treatment order | Interview | Grounded theory | High |
| Fahy et al. [35] | To explore the perspectives of patients subject to supervised community treatment within two mental health teams in Mereyside | England | Total number of participants: 17. Schizophrenia (n = 7, 70.6%); schizoaffective (n = 3, 17.6%); delusional disorder (n = 1, 5.9%); and mental and behavioral disorder secondary to alcohol (n = 1, 5.9%) | Supervised community treatment | Interview | Not mentioned | High |
| Gault [36] | To analyze service-user and carer perspectives on medication compliance and their experience of compulsory treatment | England | Total number of participants:11. Schizophrenia (n = 10) and bipolar disorder (n = 1) | Compulsory treatment | Interview | Adaptation of grounded theory | High |
| Gibbs [37] | To consider the impact of community treatment orders of Maori patients and their extended family and the associated views of mental health professionals | New Zealand | Total number of participants: 8. 6 schizophrenia, 1 schizoaffective, 1 bipolar | Community treatment order | Interview | Inductive | High |
| Gibbs [38] | To explore the views of patients with recent experience of community treatment orders | New Zealand | Total number of participants: 22. Schizophrenia 13 (59%); affective psychosis 3 (14%); and schizoaffective 5 (23%) | Community treatment order | Interview | Inductive | High |
| Gibbs [39] | To examine the views of service users, family members and mental health professionals about the impact of involuntary outpatient treatment | New Zealand | Total number of participants: 42. 23 (55%) schizophrenia, 10 (24%) affective psychosis, 7 (17%) schizoaffective, 1 (2%) personality disorder, and 1 (2%) other | Community treatment order | Interview | Inductive | High |
| Johansson and Lundman [40] | To obtain a deeper understanding of involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric patients and their experiences with involuntary hospital care | Sweden | Total number of participants: 5 (>60% schizophrenia) | Involuntarily admission | Interview | Phenomenological hermeneutic | High |
| Mezey et al. [41] | To explore definitions, experiences, and perceptions of recovery in patients with severe mental illness, currently detained in medium secure psychiatric provision | England | Total number of participants: 10. Paranoid schizophrenia (n = 7, 70%) and schizoaffective disorder (n = 3, 30%) | Legal detainment | Interview | Thematic | High |
| Murphy et al. [42] | To explore the experiences of individuals admitted to the hospital involuntarily under the Mental Health Act 2001 in the Republic of Ireland | Ireland | Total number of participants: 50. Nonaffective psychotic disorder (includes schizophrenia, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder [n = 26, 52%]); affective psychotic disorder (includes bipolar affective disorder and major depressive disorder [n = 16, 32%]), alcohol use disorder (n = 3, 6%); other (n = 2, 4%); no diagnosed disorder (n = 2,4%); and no diagnosis available (n = 1, 2%) | Involuntary admission | Interview | Inductive | High |
| Niimura et al. [43] | To elucidate patients’ challenges immediately after hospital discharge following acute psychiatric inpatient care to clarify how to improve inpatient care and postdischarge follow‐ups | Japan | Total number of participants: 18. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 18, 100%) | Involuntary admission | Interview | Inductive | High |
| Nordberg [44] | To report the experiences of successful graduates of a Canadian Mental Health Court | Canada | Total number of participants: 9. All had been diagnosed with a mental health problem that featured psychosis. The two most common diagnoses were schizophrenia and bipolar disorder | Diversion | Interview | Interpretative phenomenological analysis | High |
| Riley et al. [45] | To explore (a) patients’ experiences with Outpatient Commitment, and (b) how routines in care and health services affect patients’ everyday living | Norway | Total number of participants: 11. Schizophrenia, schizotypal, and delusional disorders (n = 11, 100%) | Outpatient commitment | Interview | Thematic narrative analysis | High |
| Sibitz et al. [46] | To establish a typology of coercion perspectives and styles of integration into life stories | Austria | Total number of participants: 15. Schizophrenia (n = 2), schizoaffective disorder (n = 6), bipolar disorder (n = 5), acute psychotic disorder (n = 1), drug-induced psychosis (n = 1) | Involuntary commitment | Interview | Modified grounded theory | High |
| Stroud et al. [47] | The explore the experiences of service users, practitioners and nearest relatives, to identify key factors and good practice in relation to community treatment orders | England | Total number of participants: 21. Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar affective disorder (n = 21) | Community treatment order | Interview | Interpretative phenomenological analysis | High |