Table 5.
Estimated incidence rate ratios of diagnoses, prescribed medications, and first hospitalization within 2 years of presenting to OHFT in mood instability-only, sleep disturbance-only, and mood instability and sleep disturbance versus no mood instability or sleep disturbance.
| Mood instability-only | Sleep disturbance-only | Mood instability and sleep disturbance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | 95% CI | p-value | IRR | 95% CI | p-value | IRR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Diagnosis | |||||||||
| Any | 1.16 | 1.04–1.28 | 0.007 | 1.44 | 1.36–1.52 | <0.0001* | 1.81 | 1.66–1.96 | <0.0001* |
| Organic | 1.16 | 0.43–3.13 | 0.772 | 0.93 | 0.55–1.56 | 0.772 | 1.45 | 0.59–3.53 | 0.414 |
| Substance use | 1.45 | 0.97–2.17 | 0.071 | 1.50 | 1.26–1.79 | <0.0001* | 1.57 | 1.20–2.06 | 0.001* |
| Schizophrenia and related | 1.18 | 0.93–1.49 | 0.177 | 1.35 | 1.20–1.51 | <0.0001* | 1.57 | 1.29–1.90 | <0.0001* |
| Mood | 1.04 | 0.90–1.20 | 0.617 | 1.41 | 1.31–1.53 | <0.0001* | 1.77 | 1.59–1.97 | <0.0001* |
| Anxiety | 1.26 | 0.96–1.64 | 0.089 | 1.31 | 1.17–1.47 | <0.0001* | 1.50 | 1.22–1.86 | <0.0001* |
| Behavioral syndrome | 1.11 | 0.89–1.38 | 0.362 | 1.16 | 1.00–1.33 | 0.042 | 1.57 | 1.31–1.88 | <0.0001* |
| Personality | 0.78 | 0.50–1.19 | 0.247 | 1.11 | 0.86–1.43 | 0.442 | 1.38 | 0.86–2.21 | 0.186 |
| Mental retardation | – | – | – | 1.2 | 0.45–3.24 | 0.713 | 0.36 | 0.05–2.71 | 0.301 |
| Developmental | 0.79 | 0.32–1.95 | 0.610 | 0.88 | 0.49–1.58 | 0.672 | 0.63 | 0.23–1.73 | 0.367 |
| Behavioral and emotional | 1.79 | 0.87–3.67 | 0.109 | 0.77 | 0.42–1.39 | 0.380 | 2.23 | 0.91–5.48 | 0.072 |
| Unspecified | 2.14 | 0.86–5.33 | 0.093 | 0.98 | 0.57–1.70 | 0.941 | 0.77 | 0.38–1.55 | 0.465 |
| Medication | |||||||||
| Any | 2.26 | 2.06–2.48 | <0.0001* | 3.58 | 3.41–3.76 | <0.0001* | 7.04 | 6.53–7.59 | <0.0001* |
| Antidepressant | 1.73 | 1.55–1.93 | <0.0001* | 2.34 | 2.21–2.47 | <0.0001* | 3.21 | 2.94–3.50 | <0.0001* |
| Antipsychotic | 1.56 | 1.39–1.77 | <0.0001* | 1.94 | 1.82–2.07 | <0.0001* | 3.13 | 2.85–3.44 | <0.0001* |
| Mood-stabilizing antiepileptic | 1.67 | 1.32–2.12 | <0.0001* | 1.44 | 1.25–1.67 | <0.0001* | 1.31 | 1.09–1.58 | 0.004 |
| Sedative hypnotic | 1.31 | 1.13–1.52 | <0.0001* | 2.35 | 2.19–2.52 | <0.0001* | 4.73 | 4.27–5.23 | <0.0001* |
| Lithium | 1.03 | 0.76–1.38 | 0.867 | 1.09 | 0.91–1.31 | 0.325 | 1.78 | 1.43–2.22 | <0.0001* |
| Sedating antihistamine | 1.14 | 0.58–2.24 | 0.708 | 1.21 | 0.93–1.57 | 0.150 | 1.68 | 1.17–2.42 | 0.005 |
| Sympathomimetic | 1.29 | 0.60–2.78 | 0.514 | 1.84 | 1.14–2.99 | 0.012 | 1.48 | 0.72–3.04 | 0.288 |
| Amphetamine | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| First hospitalization | 1.61 | 1.30–2.01 | <0.0001* | 1.98 | 1.77–2.21 | <0.0001* | 5.32 | 4.67–6.07 | <0.0001* |
*
Indicates significance in relation to the Bonferroni-Holm critical value.
– represents estimates unavailable due to small numbers.