Table 1.
Demographics of the studies included in the review.
| Study(Author/Year) | Country | Number of cases (E/C) | Participants | Intervention measures |
Frequency/intensity | Measurement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E | C | ||||||
| Leite et al. [24] 2018 |
Indonesia | 41/26 | ≥18 years of age, and ≥24 h of MV duration | NMES | Routine nursing care | 45 min per day on the quadriceps; Synchronized impulse at a frequency of 30 Hz. | MRC score, MV duration, ICU length of stay, total length of stay, MIP, FSS-ICU, ADL, GCS score. |
| Koutsioumpa et al. [13] 2018 |
Greece | 38/42 | ≥18 years of age, ≥96 h of MV duration and ICU length of stay | NMES | Routine nursing care | 60 min per day for 10 days; Symmetric impulses of 50 Hz per 500 ms phase duration. | MRC score, MV duration, GCS score, mortality. |
| Patsaki et al. [25] 2017 |
Greece | 63/65 | >72 h of MV duration and level of consistency adequate to respond to at least three of the following orders ("open/close your eyes", "look at me", "put out your tongue", "nod your head", "raise your eyebrows ") | NMES | False NMES + routine care | 55 min per day on recus femoris and peroneus longus of both lower extremes; Symmetric impulses of 45 Hz, with 400 μ sec pulse duration, 12 sec on (0, 8 sec rise time and 0,8 sec fall time) and 6 sec off. | MRC -score. |
| Acqua et al. [26] 2017 |
Brazil | 19/19 | ≥18 years of age, ≥24 h of MV duration and ≥15 days of total length of stay. |
NMES | False NMES + routine care | 30 min per day and 1 min was added every 2 days of administration; 50 Hz frequency, pulse duration 300 ms, rise time 1sec, stimulus time (on) 3sec, deck time 1sec, and relaxation time (off) 10 sec. | MV duration, ICU stay time, rectus abdominis, chest and diaphragm thickness, intubation rate, mortality. |
| Kho et al. [27] 2015 |
Canada | 16/18 | ≥18 years of age, ≥1 day of MV duration and expected to require at least 2 more days in the ICU. |
NMES | False NMES + routine care | 60 min per day on 3 muscle groups (quadriceps (vastus medialis and vastus lateralis), tibilis antherior, and gastocnemius); And frequency (pulse rate) of 50 Hz. | MRC score, MV duration, ICU length of stay, total length of stay, FSS-ICU, maximum walking distance at discharge, mortality, ADLs. |
| Vivodtzev et al. [28] 2012 |
Canada | 12/8 | COPD patients | NMES | False NMES | 35 min of stimulation of the quadrants followed by 25 min of stimulation of the scale for 6 weeks; On both limbs similarly, using the following param meters:50 Hz frequency, 400 ms pulse duration, 6s/16s duty cycle. | Maximum walking distance at discharge, cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris and calf muscles, quadriceps femoris strength and endurance. |
| Rodriguez et al. [29] 2012 |
Argentina | 16/16 | Septic patients, requiring MV and having 1 or more organ failure other than respiratory performance were enrolled within 48 h from admission to the intensive care unit. | NMES | Routine nursing care | Twice a day on bilateral biceps and vast medialis (quadriceps) of one side of the body until MV withrawal; Frequency of 100 Hz, pulse width of 300 μ sec, amplitude ranging from 20 to 200 V (peak to peak). | MRC -score. |
| Meesen et al. [30] 2010 |
Britain | 11/11 | Patients were hospitalised for potential corporate artry bypass Graftin, chronic objective hospital disease, utility failure, or acute cerebro miscellaneous accident | NMES | Routine nursing care | 30 min per day, training with an intermittent neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied to the right quadrants muscle, 5–100Hz. | Thigh circumference. |
| Gruther et al. [30] 2010 |
Austria | 16/17 | ≥19 years of age and with severe discorders. | NMES | False NMES | 30 min per day in the first week, increased to 60 min per day in the second week and a patient - adjusted intensity. Each patient received 1 session a day, 5 sessions a week for a period of 4 weeks; With a 50 Hz frequency. | Thickness of extensor layer of knee joint. |
| Hong Chen et al. [32] 2018 |
China | 38/36 | ≥18 years of age, >48h of MV duration. |
NMES | Routine nursing care | 30 min and 2 times per day, 30–100 Hz. | MRC score, MV duration, ICU length of stay, total length of stay, prevalence of ICU-AW. |
| Jianlan Sun et al. [33] 2016 |
China | 24/24 | The patient’s condition was in acute aggravation stage, Apache Ⅱ score was 20–40, invasive mechanical ventilation was performed, and the hospitalization time was more than 2 weeks. | NMES | Routine nursing care | 30 min and 2 times per day,12 days as a course of treatment, the lower limbs produce visible micro motion as the criterion, in the premise of patients can bear to choose a higher treatment intensity. | MRC score, MV duration, incidence of delirium. |
Note: E: the experimental group; C: the control group; MV: mechanical ventilation; NMES: neuromuscular electrical stimulation; MIP: the maximum inspiratory pressure; FSS-ICU: functional status score of ICU; GCS score: Glasgow Coma Scale score; ADL: activity of daily living.