Table 1.
Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients and PTSD outcomes.
Patients, No. (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | All (n = 675) | No (n = 591) | PTSD (n = 84) | P value |
Demographic Characteristics | ||||
Age, average | 53.58 | 53.48 | 54.29 | 0.016 |
Female | 358 (53.0) | 314 (53.1) | 44 (52.4) | 0.908 |
Married | 598(88.6( | 520 (88.0) | 78(92.9( | 0.269 |
Undergraduate or above | 146 (21.6) | 128 (21.7) | 18 (21.4) | 1 |
Income above 5000¥ | 193(28.6) | 101(29.8) | 17 (20.2) | 0.072 |
Medical staff | 90 (13.3) | 79 (13.4) | 11 (13.1) | 0.553 |
Smoking | 84(12.4) | 72(12.2) | 12(14.3) | 0.596 |
Family situation | ||||
Live with parents | 140(20.7) | 118(20.0) | 22 (26.2) | 0.196 |
Live with children | 338(50.1) | 281(47.5( | 57(67.9) | <.001 |
Family member infected | 221(32.7) | 199 (33.7) | 22 (26.2) | 0.106 |
Family member died | 47(7) | 41 (6.9) | 6 (7.1) | 1 |
Clinical features in hospital | ||||
Underlying illness | 251(37.2) | 226(38.2) | 25(29.8) | 0.148 |
Severity levels | ||||
Mild | 145 (21.5) | 136 (23.0) | 9 (10.7) | <.001 |
Moderate | 406 (60.1) | 346 (58.5) | 60 (71.4) | |
Severe | 116 (17.2) | 102 (17.3) | 14 (16.7) | |
Critically ill | 8 (1.2) | 7 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | |
Days in hospital, average | 27.87 | 28.05 | 26.62 | 0.004 |
Hospital treatment | ||||
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 13(2.4) | 12 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | 1 |
Corticosteroids | 96(20.8) | 91(22.2) | 5 (9.6) | 0.016 |
ICU | 35(5.2) | 30 (5.1) | 5 (6.0) | 0.163 |
Signs and symptoms after discharge | ||||
Cough | 93(13.8) | 72 (12.2) | 21 (25.0) | 0.003 |
Chest pain | 40(5.9) | 35 (5.9) | 5 (6.0) | 1 |
Chest Distress | 99(14.7) | 76 (12.9) | 23 (27.4) | <.001 |
Dyspnea | 36(5.3) | 29 (4.9) | 7 (8.3) | 0.194 |
Dizziness | 38(5.6) | 30 (5.1) | 8 (9.5) | 0.123 |
Fatigue | 86(12.7) | 64(10.8) | 22 (26.2) | <.001 |
Other symptoms | 49(7.3) | 38 (6.4) | 11 (13.1) | 0.04 |
Re-detectable positive COVID-19 RNA test | 30 (5.3) | 26 (5.2) | 4 (6.1) | 0.769 |
Social factors | ||||
Discrimination, mean (S.D.) | 7.67(2.94) | 6.34 (2.56) | 8.69 (2.81) | 0.064 |