Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | Total | Frailty status (N = 367) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonfrail (n = 53, 14.4%) | Prefrail (n = 282, 76.8%) | Frail (n = 32, 8.7%) | |||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.641a | ||||
| Male | 130 (35.4) | 20 (15.4) | 101 (77.7) | 9 (6.9) | |
| Female | 237 (64.6) | 33 (13.9) | 181 (76.4) | 23 (9.7) | |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 73.22 ± 7.00 | 70.60 ± 4.52 | 73.02 ± 6.95 | 79.31 ± 7.46 | <0.001b |
| Number of comorbidities, mean ± SD | 0.83 ± 0.80 | 0.75 ± 0.89 | 0.82 ± 0.79 | 0.97 ± 0.74 | 0.494b |
| Polypharmacy, mean ± SD | 0.78 ± 0.81 | 0.64 ± 0.78 | 0.78 ± 0 .82 | 0.97 ± 0.74 | <0.001b |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 22.63 ± 3.86 | 22.50 ± 2.91 | 22.81 ± 3.90 | 21.24 ± 4.59 | <0.001b |
| Underweight (<18.5), n (%) | 53 (14.4) | 4 (7.5) | 38 (71.7) | 11 (20.8) | |
| Normal weight (18.5–22.9), n (%) | 143 (39.0) | 25 (17.5) | 109 (76.2) | 9 (6.3) | |
| Overweight (23.0–27.5), n (%) | 134 (36.5) | 21 (15.7) | 103 (76.9) | 10 (7.4) | |
| Obese (˃27.5), n (%) | 37 (10.1) | 3 (8.1) | 32 (86.5) | 2 (5.4) | |
| PPA fall risk (Z-score) (mean ± SD) | 2.80 ± 1.47 | 2.15 ± 1.02 | 2.70 ± 1.38 | 4.47 ± 1.65 | <0.001b |
aChi-square test. bOne-way ANOVA test analysis. PPA = physiological profile assessment.