Table 2.
Fall risk score using the physiological profile assessment compared with frailty status in older adults.
| Component | Frailty status | Mean ± SD | 95% confidence interval | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual contrast sensitivity (dB) | Nonfrailtya | 17 ± 4.29 | 15.82, 18.18 | <0.001acbc |
| Prefrailtyb | 16.10 ± 5.00 | 15.50, 16.68 | ||
| Frailtyc | 8.44 ± 6.34 | 6.15, 10.72 | ||
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| Proprioception (degree) | Nonfrailtya | 2.29 ± 0.95 | 2.02, 2.55 | 0.001ac ab |
| Prefrailtyb | 2.72 ± 1.49 | 2.54, 2.89 | ||
| Frailtyc | 3.53 ± 1.99 | 2.81, 4.25 | ||
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| Knee extension strength (kg) | Nonfrailtya | 19.07 ± 8.07 | 16.84, 21.29 | <0.001ac ab bc |
| Prefrailtyb | 14.13 ± 6.32 | 13.39, 14.87 | ||
| Frailtyc | 7.57 ± 4.40 | 5.98, 9.16 | ||
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| Hand reaction time (ms) | Nonfrailtya | 345.17 ± 94.99 | 318.99, 371.35 | <0.001ac ab |
| Prefrailtyb | 395.51 ± 136.49 | 379.51, 411.51 | ||
| Frailtyc | 472.69 ± 228.53 | 390.29, 555.08 | ||
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| Sway path (mm2) | Nonfrailtya | 1216.24 ± 840.43 | 984.59, 1447.89 | <0.001ac bc |
| Prefrailtyb | 1367.63 ± 1258.65 | 1220.10, 1515.17 | ||
| Frailtyc | 2435.25 ± 1951.94 | 1731.50, 3139.00 | ||
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| PPA fall risk (Z-score) | Nonfrailtya | 2.15 ± 1.02 | 1.87, 2.42) | <0.001ac ab bc |
| Prefrailtyb | 2.70 ± 1.38 | 2.54, 2.86) | ||
| Frailtyc | 4.47 ± 1.65 | 3.87, 5.06) | ||
ac: nonfrailty group compared with the frailty group; ab: nonfrailty group compared with the prefrailty group; bc: prefrailty group compared with the frailty group; PPA = physiological profile assessment.