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Enterohomone secretion in the medium after stimulation of human ascending (dark columns) and descending (light columns) colon explants with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE, 100 mg/L). (a) PYY values, (b) total GLP-1 values. Results are expressed in arbitrary units (A.U.), which are values normalized versus the control and represent mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. control, t-test. n = 13–15 explants from 4–10 humans.
