Table 1.
Food sources in order of decreasing concentration of palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA).
| Food Source | ng/g f.w. | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Soy lecithin | 950,000 | [23] |
| Soybean (Glycine max) | 6700 | [23,24] |
| Green coffee (depending on the variety) | 2830-11,940 | [27] |
| Raw peanuts | ~7770 | [26] |
| Roasted coffee | 7200 | [27] |
| Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) | 3730 | [23,24] |
| Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) | 1150 | [24] |
| Refined wheat flour | ~ 800 * | [25] |
| Whole wheat flour | ~ 400 * | [25] |
| Raw pearl barley | ~330 | [26] |
| Walnuts | ~ 250 * | [25] |
| Toasted pearl barley | ~220 | [26] |
| Corn | 200 | [23] |
| Black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculata) | 138 | [24] |
| Broccoli | ~130 * | [25] |
| Tuna fish | ~120 * | [25] |
| Chicken | ~120 * | [25] |
| Carrots | ~110 * | [25] |
| Eggs | ~ 100 * | [25] |
| Tomato | 100 | [23] |
| Garden pea (Pisum sativum) | 100 | [23,24] |
| Beans | ~90 * | [25] |
| Lettuce | ~70 * | [25] |
| Beef | ~ 60 * | [25] |
| Codfish | ~ 60 * | [25] |
| Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) | 53.5 | [24] |
| Cauliflowers | ~50 * | [25] |
| Chickpeas | ~40 * | [25] |
| Anchovies | ~ 40 * | [25] |
| Cow’s milk | ~ 30 * | [25] |
| Almonds | ~ 10 * | [25] |
| Grapes | ~10 * | [25] |
| Oranges | ~10 * | [25] |
| Apples | ~8 * | [25] |
| Lentils | ~6 * | [25] |
| Potatoes | 5 * | [25] |
| Elk milk | 1.81 | [30] |
| Bovine milk | 0.25 | [30] |
f.w. = fresh-weight; * = the concentration is expressed as nanograms per gram on a dry-weight basis; ~ indicates the value has been extrapolated from figures.