Table A5.
Cox regression of risk factors for progression-free survival of COVID-19 patients *.
| HR | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.061 | 1.04–1.09 | <0.001 |
| Male ex | 0.7284 | 0.36–1.46 | 0.370 |
| Healthcare-acquired infection | 6.214 | 1.90–20.30 | 0.002 |
| ECOG performance status | 3.373 | 1.89–6.02 | <0.001 |
| Time from disease confirmation to admission, days | 0.9714 | 0.87–1.09 | 0.607 |
| Time from symptom onset to admission, days | 1.02 | 0.98–1.06 | 0.330 |
| Time from symptom onset to confirmation, days | 1.025 | 0.97–1.08 | 0.344 |
| Initial symptoms | |||
| Asymptomatic | 0.169 | 0.05–0.55 | 0.003 |
| Productive cough | 1.85 | 0.95–3.59 | 0.069 |
| Fever | 4.139 | 2.14–7.99 | <0.001 |
| Cough | 0.3916 | 0.14–1.11 | 0.077 |
| Headache | 3.44 | 1.78–6.64 | <0.001 |
| Myalgia or fatigue | 2.704 | 1.38–5.29 | 0.004 |
| Chill | 5.983 | 3.11–11.52 | <0.001 |
| Sore throat | 1.467 | 0.64–3.35 | 0.363 |
| Rhinorrhea | 0.8683 | 0.31–2.46 | 0.790 |
| Dyspnea | 6.065 | 2.92–12.59 | <0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 4.33 | 1.90–9.90 | 0.001 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 3.423 | 1.05–11.17 | 0.041 |
| Chest pain | 5.574 | 1.97–15.79 | 0.001 |
| Initial signs | |||
| Body temperature, °C | 4.033 | 2.74–5.94 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.402 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 1.027 | 1.00–1.06 | 0.046 |
| Pulse rate, beats/min | 1.035 | 1.01–1.06 | 0.007 |
| Respiratory rate, beats/min | 1.106 | 0.94–1.30 | 0.217 |
| SpO2, % | 0.7119 | 0.56–0.90 | 0.005 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 3.56 | 1.67–7.58 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6.59 | 3.17–13.69 | <0.001 |
| Allergic disease | 0.1782 | 0.02–1.30 | 0.089 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.473 | 0.45–4.80 | 0.521 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.6158 | 0.084–4.50 | 0.633 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 4.71 | 1.13–19.62 | 0.033 |
| Rheumatic disease | 4.95 | 0.68–36.20 | 0.115 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3.239 | 0.78–13.49 | 0.107 |
| Prior history of drug use | |||
| Ibuprofen | 2.722 | 1.13–6.54 | 0.025 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 4.261 | 1.77–10.25 | 0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 3.251 | 1.26–8.37 | 0.015 |
| Beta blocker | 2.056 | 0.49–8.56 | 0.322 |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor | 6.878 | 3.13–15.12 | <0.001 |
| Metformin | 6.196 | 2.58–14.91 | <0.001 |
| Sulfonylurea | 5.775 | 1.39–24.08 | 0.016 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 42.2 | 5.41–329.10 | <0.001 |
| Isosorbide | 17.69 | 2.35–132.90 | 0.005 |
| Statin | 4.46 | 1.86–10.73 | 0.001 |
| KCDC classification I | 6.172 | 3.87–9.85 | <0.001 |
| KCDC classification II | 2.137 | 1.54–2.97 | <0.001 |
| CT score | 1.191 | 1.13–1.25 | <0.001 |
| MuLBSTA | 1.253 | 1.15–1.37 | <0.001 |
| CURB65 | 4.142 | 1.97–8.73 | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia severity index | 2.539 | 1.74–3.70 | <0.001 |
| Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index | 1.608 | 1.33–1.94 | <0.001 |
* HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; SpO2, Pulse Oximeter Oxygen Saturation; KCDC, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CT, computed tomography; MuLBSTA, Multilobular infiltration, hypo-Lymphocytosis, Bacterial coinfection, Smoking history, hyper-Tension and Age; CURB65, Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure plus age ≥ 65 year.