Figure 1.

Flow diagram of this study for short-term evaluation. Ninety-two patients were enrolled in our study: 37 patients in the mono-AFM (triple antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin, fosfomycin, and metronidazole)) group and 55 patients in the A-FMT (fresh fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) following AFM) group were assessed for clinical response and remission using intention-to-treat analysis. In the A-FMT group, 31 patients (56.3%) showed a clinical response and 19 (34.5%) achieved clinical remission. These rates were higher than the rates in the mono-AFM group (clinical response/remission: n = 18/6, 48.6%/16.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant.