Table 1.
Immunotherapies used in gastric cancer.
| Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Drug | Description | Clinical trials |
| CTLA-4 | Ipilimumab | IgG1κ antibody against CTLA-4 | NCT01585987 |
| Tremeliumumab | IgG2 antibody against CTLA-4 | NCT03615326 | |
| PD-1 | Nivolumab | IgG4 antibody against PD-1 | NCT03311334 |
| NCT02946671 | |||
| NCT03311334 | |||
| NCT04208958 | |||
| NCT03662659 | |||
| NCT03006705 | |||
| NCT02999295 | |||
| NCT03995017 | |||
| NCT03044613 | |||
| Pembrolizumab | IgG4 antibody against PD-1 | NCT03311334 | |
| NCT04164979 | |||
| NCT04278144 | |||
| NCT04234113 | |||
| NCT04007744 | |||
| NCT03615326 | |||
| PD-L1 | Avelumab | IgG1 λ antibody against PD-L1 | NCT02625623 |
| NCT03288350 | |||
| NCT03979131 | |||
| NCT03966118 | |||
| NCT03783936 | |||
| NCT01943461 | |||
| NCT03475953 | |||
| NCT03399071 | |||
| Durvalumab (MEDI4736) | IgG1κ antibody against PD-L1 | NCT03579784 | |
| NCT04221555 | |||
| NCT03780608 | |||
| NCT02734004 | |||
| NCT03539822 | |||
| NCT02572687 | |||
| CTLA-4 + PD-L1 | Durvalumab + Tremeliumumab | IgG1κ antibody against PD-L1 + IgG2 antibody against CTLA-4 | NCT03776487 |
| NCT03647969 | |||
| NCT03409848 | |||
| NCT02872116 | |||
| NCT03342417 | |||
| NCT03784040 | |||
| CTLA-4 + PD-1 | Ipilimumab + Nivolumab | IgG1κ antibody against CTLA-4 + IgG4 antibody against PD-1 | NCT03776487 |
| NCT03647969 | |||
|
NCT03409848 NCT02872116 | |||
| NCT03342417 | |||
| NCT03784040 | |||
| Tumor antigen vaccines | |||
| Gastrin 17 | G17DT | Gastrin-17 Immunogen (G17DT induced specific and affinity antgastrin antibody (AGA) | NCT02233712 |
| NCT02450032 | |||
| NCT02518529 | |||
| NCT00042510 | |||
| NCT02521649 | |||
| NCT00020787 | |||
| URLC10 + KOC1 + VEGFR1 + VEGFR2 | VEGFR | Patient with HLA-A*2402 haplotype | NCT00681577 |
| FOXM1+ DEPDC1 + KIF20A + URLC10 + VEGFR1 | OTSGC-A24 | Patients with HLA-2402 haplotype) | NCT01227772 |
| URLC10 + VEGFR1 + VEGFR2 | VEGFR | Patients with HLA-A*0201 haplotype | NCT00681252 |
| EGFRvIII | EGFRvIII | Vaccine with sargramostim (GM-CSF) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as adjuvant in patients with EGFRvIII-expressing cancer | NCT00023634 |
| HER2 | TAEK-VAC-HerBy | Patients with advanced HER2-expressing cancer | NCT04246671 |
CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; FOXM1: forkhead box M1; DEPDC1: DEP domain containing 1; HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; IgG1κ: immunoglobulin G1 kappa; IgG1λ: immunoglobulin G1 lambda; KIF10A: kinesin family member 10A; PD-1: programmed death 1 protein; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; TAEK-VAC-HerBy: TAEK-VAC-HerBy vaccine; URLC10: up-regulated lung cancer 10; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; Ig: immunoglobulin.