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. 2020 Jun 18;9(6):762. doi: 10.3390/plants9060762

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Mode of action of Trichoderma spp. in destroying pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma releases the lytic enzymes in the rhizosphere, which catalyzes the cell wall damage to target fungi. After this, a signaling cascade is activated in Trichoderma cells which involves the activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) through G-protein-coupled receptors. Alteration in gene expression ultimately leads to PCD (programmed cell death) of pathogenic fungi.