Table 2.
Genes and their functional categories in Withania chloroplast genomes.
| Category for Gene | Group of Gene | Name of Gene | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photosynthesis-Related Genes | Photosystem I | psaA | psaB | psaC | psaI | psaJ |
| Photosystem II | psbA | PsbB | psbC | psbD | psbE | |
| psbF | psbH | psbI | psbJ | psbK | ||
| psbL | psbM | psbN | ||||
| Cytochrome b/f complex |
psbT | psbZ | petN | petA | petL | |
| petG | petD * | petB * | ||||
| ATP synthase | atpI | atpH | atpA | atpF * | atpE | |
| atpB | ||||||
| Assembly/stability of photosystem I |
ycf3 ** | ycf4 | ||||
| NADPH dehydrogenase | ndhB *,a | ndhH | ndhA * | ndhI | ndhG | |
| ndhJ | ndhE | ndhF | ndhC | ndhK | ||
| ndhD | ||||||
| Rubisco | rbcL | |||||
| Transcription and Translation Related Genes RNA Genes |
Transcription Small subunit of ribosome |
rpoA | rpoC2 | rpoC1 * | rpoB | rps16 * |
| rps7 a | rps15 | rps19 | rps3 | rps8 | ||
| rps14 | rps11 | rps12 a,* | rps18 | rps4 | ||
| rps2 | ||||||
| Large subunit of ribosome |
rpl2 a,* | rpl23 a, | rpl32 | rpl22 | rpl14 | |
| rpl33 | rpl36 | rpl20 | rpl16 * | |||
| Ribosomal RNA | rrn16 a | rrn4.5 a | rrn5 a | rrn23 a | ||
| Transfer RNA | trnV-GAC a | trnI-CAU * | trnA-UGC a,* | trnN-GUU a | trnP-UGG | |
| trnW-CCA | trnV-UAC * | trnL-UAA * | trnF-GAA | trnR-ACG a | ||
| trnT-UGU | trnG-UCC a,* | trnT-GGU | trnR-UCU | trnE-UUC | ||
| trnY-GUA | trnD-GUC | trnC-GCA | trnS-GCU | trnH-GUG | ||
| trnK-UUU | trnQ-UUG | trnfM-CAU | trnG-GCC | trnS-UGA | ||
| trnS-GGA | trnF-GAA | trnM-CAU | trnL-CAA * | |||
| trnI-GAU *,a | trnL-UAG | |||||
| Other Genes | RNA processing | matK | ||||
| Carbon metabolism | cemA | |||||
| Fatty acid synthesis | accD | |||||
| Proteolysis | clpP ** | |||||
| Component of TIC complex | ycf1 a | |||||
| Hypothetical proteins | ycf2 a | Ycf15 | ||||
* Gene with one intron, ** gene with two introns, a gene with two copies, same genes in all Withania species.