Table 3.

Chemical profiling of ethyl acetate extract of secondary metabolites produced by S. californicus strain ADP4.

Chemical Class of Metabolites	Testes/Reagents Used	Observations	Results
Terpenoids	Salkowski Test	Reddish brown coloration at the interface	+
Phenols	Folin–Ciocalteu Test	Blue coloration was appeared	+
Flavonoids	Ferric chloride Test	Formation of greenish colour	+
	NaOH, HCl	Intense yellow coloration after adding HCl
Terpenes	Salkowski Regent	Appearance of golden colour in the chloroform layer	+
Alkaloids	Wagner’s Test	Formation of reddish-brown precipitate	+
Anthocyanins	HCl, Ammonia	Appearance of pink-red, turns blue	+
Anthraquinones	H2SO4, Chloroform, Ammonia	Light pink coloured layer of ammonia	+
Glycosides	Keller–Killiani Test	A reddish-brown colour ring at the junction of the two layers	+
Tannins	Lead Acetate Test	No precipitation was observed	−
Saponins	Foam Test	No frothing was observed	−
Lactones	Pyridine, sodium nitroprusside, NaOH	No change in coloration was observed	−
Coumarins	Alcoholic NaOH	Yellow fluorescence was not appeared on the paper soaked in NaOH	−
Sterols	Salkowski Test	No red colour was appeared in the lower layer (two layers formed)	−
Lignins	Gallic acid	No appearance of Olive-green coloration	−
Carbohydrates	Fehling’s Test	No reddish violet ring appeared	−
Fatty acids	Ether	No appearance of transparence on filter paper	−
Proteins	Biuret Test	No violet coloration was observed	−

Note: ‘+’: Present; ‘−’: Absent.