Action of DTX in the presence of GNPs. (a,b) The biocompatibility of GNPs was verified by measuring the cell survival fraction and DNA damage, respectively. (b,c) The action of the drug in the presence of GNPs was verified by measuring the DNA damage and cell survival fraction, respectively. (d) Mapping of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in control cells and cell treated with 50 nM DTX. DNA DSBs and nuclei are marked in green and blue, respectively. Scale bar is 20 µm. Error bars are standard deviations from 3 replicate measurements. * Represents a statistically significant difference (Welch’s unequal variance t-test, p < 0.05).