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. 2020 Jun 15;9(6):1864. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061864

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway during SNMP vs. NMP. (a) Tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway. PLP is a necessary cofactor for several steps in the pathway. (b) SNMP livers demonstrate a significant decrease in liver tryptophan concentrations compared to NMP livers. However, NMP livers demonstrate a significant increase in tissue (c) kynurenine and (d) kynurenate compared to the SNMP group. (e) Heatmap of metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolites analyzed in the untargeted metabolomic analysis. ** indicates p ≤ 0.05 and * indicates 0.05 < p < 0.10. Abbreviations: TDO, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; KAT, kynurenine aminotransferase; KMO, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; PLP, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, NAD+, nicotinamide adenine nucleotide; SNMP, subnormothermic machine perfusion; NMP, normothermic machine perfusion; x-axis represents fold change at 60, 120, and 180 min compared to pre-perfusion concentrations.