Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Authors (Year) | Country | Funding | Number of Subjects | PCOS | PCOS–PD | PD | H | Mean Age ± SD (PCOS/PCOS–PD/PD/H) | Exclusion Criteria | PD Diagnostic Criteria | PCOS Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porwal et al. (2014) | India | None | 126 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 23.50 ± 2.67/NA/NA/22.9 ± 4.7 | Thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, and androgen-secreting tumors to avoid misdiagnosis of PCOS; chronic inflammatory disease; smoking and alcohol habits; Systemic ATB within 3 months; periodontal treatment within 6 months; and AgP diagnosis | Page and Eke 2012 | Rotterdam Criteria |
| Akcali et al. 2014 | Turkey | IADR | 125 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 25.6 ± 5.2/NA/NA/26.1 ± 4.7 | Hyperandrogenism, DM, hyperprolactemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid disorders, Cushing syndrome, HTA, hepatic or renal dysfunction; BMI > 30 kg/m2; CVD; medications (e.g., oral contraceptive agents, steroid hormones, insulin-sensitizing drugs and ATB or ant-inflammatory); periodontal status within the last 6 months | Armitage 1999 | Rotterdam Criteria |
| Hameed et al. 2017 | India | None | 80 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | NA | Smoking habits; pregnant women; periodontal therapy at the previous 3 months; anti-inflammatory or ATB therapy during the last 3 months; contraceptives or hormonal drugs or medications for PCOS; systemic diseases (e.g., DM, HTA, CVD) which could affect periodontal health | AAP 1999 | Rotterdam Criteria |
| Saglam et al. 2017 | India | None | 88 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 27.6 ± 4.0/28.6 ± 4.5/28.2 ± 4.3/27.8 ± 3.9 | Cushing syndrome, non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia, thyroid dysfunction, and androgen-secreting tumors | Page and Eke 2012 | Rotterdam Criteria |
| Tong et al. 2019 | Taiwan | None | 48820 | 304 | 441 | 23969 | 24106 | NA | Endocrine disorders (e.g., Cushing syndrome, non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia, thyroid dysfunction and androgen-secreting tumors) | ICD-9-CM code: 523.4 | ICD-9-CM code: 256.4X |
| Saljoughi et al. 2020 | Iran | Arak University of Medical Sciences | 110 | 25 | 30 | 23 | 32 | 45.3 ± 3.0/45.2 ± 3.2/45.3 ± 3.1/45.5 ± 3.3 | Interfering drugs (e.g., ATB, oral contraceptives, antihypertensive, and DM drugs); infection in the last 6 months; systemic diseases (e.g., thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinemia, DM, HTA, malignancies, osteoporosis); obesity and overweight; smoking and alcohol habits, and pregnant women | Armitage 1999 | Rotterdam Criteria |
AgP—aggressive periodontitis; ATB—antibiotics; CVD—Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases; DM—diabetes mellitus; H—periodontal healthy patients; HTA—hypertension; PCOS—polycystic ovarian syndrome; PD—patients with periodontitis; PCOS-PD—Patients diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome and periodontitis; SD—Standard devidation.