Table 5.
Cervical rotation range of movement differences within- and between-group.
| Variable | Baseline | Post-Treatment | 48 Hours | 1 Week |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DN, Mean (SD) | ||||
| Painful Side | 58.21 (14.46) | 64.41 (8.92) | 68.09 (9.32) | 66.50 (8.95) |
| Nonpainful Side | 52.18 (12.78) | 64.5 (8.95) | 66.27 (12.69) | 66.14 (10.67) |
| PENS, Mean (SD) | ||||
| Painful Side | 61.59 (10.50) | 69.55 (9.38) | 71.50 (8.02) | 70.55 (7.32) |
| Nonpainful Side | 59.48 (14.47) | 67.68 (9.36) | 70.41 (9.02) | 69.68 (9.52) |
| Within-Group Differences from Baseline, Mean (95% CI) | ||||
| DN | ||||
| Painful Side | 6.20 (−0.84, 13.25) | 9.88 (2.15, 17.62) ‡ | 8.29 (0.59, 16.00) † | |
| Nonpainful Side | 12.32 (6.85, 17.80) ‡ | 14.10 (7.52, 20.68) ‡ | 13.96 (7.18, 20.74) ‡ | |
| PENS | ||||
| Painful Side | 7.96 (0.91, 15.00) † | 9.91 (2.18, 17.64) ‡ | 8.96 (1.25, 16.66) † | |
| Nonpainful Side | 8.21 (2.73, 13.68) ‡ | 10.93 (4.35, 17.51) ‡ | 10.21 (3.43, 16.98) ‡ | |
| Between-Group Differences, Mean (95% CI) | ||||
| Painful Side | 1.75 (−5.51, 9.01) | 0.03 (−7.95, 8.00) | 0.66 (−7.28, 8.61) | |
| Nonpainful Side | −4.12 (−9.76, 1.52) | −3.16 (−9.95, 3.62) | −3.76 (−10.74, 3.23) |
† Statistically significant (p < 0.05), ‡ Statistically significant (p < 0.01). Abbreviations: DN, dry needling; SD, standard deviation; PENS, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; CI, confidence interval.