Table 6.
Cervical side-bending range of movement differences within- and between-group.
| Variable | Baseline | Post-Treatment | 48 Hours | 1 Week |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DN, Mean (SD) | ||||
| Painful Side | 38.59 (5.81) | 40.09 (4.00) | 39.73 (5.68) | 40.91 (4.05) |
| Nonpainful Side | 34.30 (5.31) | 41.00 (4.92) | 40.45 (4.93) | 40.50 (5.32) |
| PENS, Mean (SD) | ||||
| Painful Side | 38.50 (5.07) | 42.27 (5.19) | 41.81 (4.15) | 41.41 (5.61) |
| Nonpainful Side | 37.45 (3.65) | 41.82 (5.24) | 40.27 (6.02) | 41.36 (5.52) |
| Within-Group Differences from Baseline, Mean (95% CI) | ||||
| DN | ||||
| Painful Side | 1.50 (−0.67, 3.68) | 1.14 (−1.89, 4.16) | 2.32 (−0.43, 5.07) | |
| Nonpainful Side | 6.70 (4.15, 9.26) ‡ | 6.16 (2.96, 9.35) ‡ | 6.20 (3.16, 9.25) ‡ | |
| PENS | ||||
| Painful Side | 3.77 (1.60, 5.95) ‡ | 3.32 (0.29, 6.34) † | 2.91 (0.16, 5.66) † | |
| Nonpainful Side | 4.36 (1.81, 6.92) ‡ | 2.82 (−0.38, 6.01) | 3.91 (0.87, 6.95) ‡ | |
| Between-Group Differences, Mean (95% CI) | ||||
| Painful Side | 2.27 (0.03, 4.51) † | 2.18 (−0.94, 5.30) | 0.59 (−2.24, 3.42) | |
| Nonpainful Side | −2.34 (−4.97, 0.29) | −3.34 (−6.63, −0.05) † | −2.29 (−5.43, 0.84) |
† Statistically significant (p < 0.05), ‡ Statistically significant (p < 0.01). Abbreviations: DN, dry needling; SD, standard deviation; PENS, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; CI, confidence interval.