Table 2.
Distribution of multidrug resistance in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli and generic E. coli population per source.
| E. coli Population | Multidrug Resistance (%) | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (n = 705) | Overall MDR in ESCr E. coli | 45.2 | 17.9 | 2.3 | 15.6 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 3.8 |
| Cattle feces (n = 382) | 64.4 | 19.6 | 0.3 | 12.0 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.3 | |
| Catch basin (n = 137) | 34.3 | 6.6 | 0.0 | 19.0 | 13.1 | 19.7 | 7.3 | |
| Surface streams (n = 59) | 28.8 | 6.8 | 0.0 | 11.9 | 6.8 | 18.6 | 27.1 | |
| Municipal sewage (n = 98) | 5.1 | 29.6 | 12.2 | 22.4 | 27.6 | 3.1 | 0.0 | |
| Beef processing (n = 4) | 75.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Human (n = 25) | 4.0 | 36.0 | 12.0 | 36.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
| Generic E. coli (n = 663) | Overall MDR in generic E. coli | 0.6 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 37.9 | 35.4 |
| Cattle feces (n = 142) | 0.7 | 4.9 | 7.7 | 14.1 | 17.6 | 45.1 | 9.9 | |
| Catch basin (n = 185) | 1.6 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 40.5 | 24.9 | |
| Surface streams (n = 81) | 0.0 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 21.0 | 55.6 | |
| Municipal sewage (n = 96) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 3.1 | 15.6 | 70.8 | |
| Beef processing (n = 159) | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 50.3 | 39.0 |
S—% susceptible; R—% resistance to specific number of antimicrobial classes, represented 1–6. Total of 88.8% of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant isolates showed MDR phenotypes and were resistant to antimicrobials belonging to at least two different antimicrobial classes, while 26.7% of generic E. coli isolates were MDR.