Table 2. Characteristics of neonates and infants less than 1 year of age with positive COVID-19 testing.
| Study | n | Region, country | Age range | Need for respiratory support | Symptoms/outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cai et al 32 | 2 | Shanghai and Haikou, China | 3 and 7 mo | None | Fever and mild URTI symptoms |
| Canarutto et al 33 | 1 | Milan, Italy | 32 d | None | Fever and mild URTI symptoms |
| CDC 31 | 398 | United States | 0–1 y | Not specified | 59 out of 95 infants with known hospitalization status were hospitalized, of which 5 required intensive care |
| Cui et al 34 | 1 | Guiyang, China | 55 d | Oxygen therapy | Pneumonia, increased myocardial/liver enzymes |
| Dong et al 35 | 379 | Mainland China | 0–1 y | Not specified | 7 (2%) asymptomatic 205 (54%) mild 127 (34%) moderate 33 (9%) severe 7 (2%) critical |
| ISN-SIN 9 | 5 | Northern Italy | 2–44 d | Oxygen therapy (1/5) | Fever and/or mild URTI symptoms conjunctivitis |
| Kam et al 36 | 1 | Singapore, Singapore | 6 mo | None | Fever |
| Kamali et al 37 | 1 | Zanjan, Iran | 15 d | Oxygen therapy | Fever, mild tachypnea |
| Le et al 38 | 1 | Hanoi, Vietnam | 3 mo | None | Mild URTI symptoms |
| Li et al 39 | 1 | Zhuhai, China | 10 mo | No | Asymptomatic |
| Liu et al 15 | 2 | Shanghai, China | 2 and 11 mo | Not specified | Both had mild pneumonia, one infant also had pleural effusion and was RSV positive |
| Lu et al 40 | 31 | Wuhan, China | 0–1 y | 1 infant required IMV due to intussusception and multiorgan failure (4 weeks after admission) | 0 asymptomatic 6 (19%) URTI symptoms 25 (81%) pneumonia 1 (3%) death |
| Qiu et al 41 | 10 | Zhejiang, China | 0–5 y | Oxygen therapy (1/10) | 4 (40%) asymptomatic/mild 6 (60%) moderate |
| Su et al 42 | 2 | Jinan, China | 11 mo | None | Mild pneumonia (1/2) |
| Wei et al 43 | 9 | Mainland China | 28 d–1 y | None | Fever or mild URTI symptoms |
| Xia et al 44 | 9 | Wuhan, China | 0–1 y | Not specified | Neonates: asymptomatic (3/3) Others: asymptomatic or mild pneumonia |
| Zeng et al 45 | 1 | Wuhan, China | 17 d | None | Mild symptoms (fever, vomiting, diarrhea) |
| Zhang et al 46 | 1 | Haikou, China | 3 mo | None | Mild URTI symptoms |
Abbreviations: CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention; COVID-19, novel coronavirus disease 2019; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ISN-SIN, Italian Society of Neonatology; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.