Table 1.
Immunoregulatory potential and effects of EVs.
| Type of EVs | Cell of Origin | Species | Transferring Materials | Biological Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPs | Microglia | Mouse | miR155 | Inflammation | [11] |
| MPs and Exos | Neuron | Rat | miR-21; miR146; miR7a; miR7b | Neuroprotection | [139] |
| Exos | Neuron | Rat | miR21-5p | M1 Microglia Polarization | [180] |
| Exos | Microglia | Mouse | miR12-3p | M2 Microglia Polarization | [144] |
| Exos | Mesenchimal stem cell | Rat | miR-216-5p | Neuroprotection; M2 Microglia Polarization | [156,168] |
| Exos | Neuron | Mice | miR-215p | Neuroprotection | [169] |
| Exos | Microglia | Mouse | miR-124-3p | Neuroprotection | [170] |
| Exos | Astrocyte | Human | miR-873a5p | M2 Microglia Polarization | [174] |
miRNA-enriched exosomes and MSC-derived exosomes represent emerging biological tools for studying new and effective therapeutic approaches in TBI.