Figure 5.

An idealized compilation of the available Verticillium wilt of olive control measures described in this review to be implemented within an integrated management strategy. (A) Use of spectral technologies coupled with drones or UAV for the early detection of the disease at a large scale (modified form an image kindly provided by Dr. J.A Jiménez Berni, IAS-CSIC, Córdoba); (B) identification based on molecular methods; (C) dogs trained for the detection of Verticillium dahliae volatile compounds; (D) heat treatments; (E) organic amendments; (F) biological control agents; (G) the use of plant extracts and essential oils; (H) water disinfection treatments; (I) new sources of tolerance/resistance.